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amber

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Amber and ämber

English

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WOTD – 5 October 2011, 5 October 2014
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
amber pendants

Etymology

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From Middle English ambre, aumbre, from Old French aumbre, ambre, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭡𐭫 (ʾnbl /⁠ambar⁠/, “ambergris”). Compare English lamber, ambergris. Displaced Middle English smulting (from Old English smelting (“amber”)), Old English eolhsand (“amber”), Old English glær (“amber”), and Old English sāp (“amber, resin, pomade”).

  • The nucleotide sequence "UAG" is named "amber" for the first person to isolate the amber mutation, California Institute of Technology graduate student Harris Bernstein, whose last name ("Bernstein") is the German word for the resin "amber".[1][2]

Pronunciation

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A UK "red and amber" traffic light (displayed shortly before turning green)

Noun

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amber (countable and uncountable, plural ambers)

  1. (obsolete) Ambergris, the waxy product of the sperm whale. [14th–18th c.]
    • 1526, The Grete Herball:
      Ambre is hote and drye […] Some say that it is the sparme of a whale.
    • 1579, The Booke of Simples, fol. 56 (contained in Bulleins Bulwarke of Defence against all Sicknesse, Soarnesse, and Woundes):
      As for Amber Grice, or Amber Cane, which ist most sweet myngled with other sweete thynges: some say it commeth from the rocks of the Sea. […] Some say it is gotten by a fish called Azelum, which feedeth upon Amber Grece, and dyeth, which is taken by cunnyng fishers and the belly opened, and this precious Amber found in hym.
    • 1600, John Pory (translator), A Geographical Historie of Africa (original by Leo Africanus), page 344:
      The head of this fish is as hard as stone. The inhabitants of the Ocean sea coast affirme that this fish casteth foorth Amber; but whether the said Amber be the sperma or the excrement thereof, they cannot well determine.
    • 1717, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, letter, 18 Apr 1717:
      Slaves […] with silver Censors […] perfum'd the air with Amber, Aloes wood, and other Scents.
    1. Formerly thought to be the product of a plant.
      • 1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page iv:
        The leaves of the foreſt were loaded with manna, pure amber dropped from every bough, honey diſtilled from the rifted rock, and the humming bee, drunk with joy, ſtrayed from flower to flower, forgetful of his burſting cells.
  2. A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight. [from 15th c.]
    • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
      With scarfs and fans and double change of bravery,
      With amber bracelets, beads, and all this knavery.
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
      Slanders, sir: for the satirical rogue says here that old men have grey beards, that their faces are wrinkled, their eyes purging thick amber and plum-tree gum and that they have a plentiful lack of wit.
    • 1637, Monro, his expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment (called Mac-Keys Regiment), republished in 1999 →ISBN, page 102:
      To shew this by example, we reade of Sabina Poppcea, to whom nothing was wanting, but shame and honestie, being extremely beloved of Nero, had the colour of her haire yellow, like Amber, which Nero esteemed much of, […] .
    • 2012 March, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist‎[2], volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 14 June 2012, page 128:
      Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)
  3. A yellow-orange colour.
    amber:  
  4. (British, Australia) The intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights, which when illuminated indicates that drivers should stop when safe to do so. See also yellow light.
    • 1974, Traffic Planning and Engineering, page 366:
      While earlier controllers provided concurrent ambers, present practice is to indicate a minimum intergreen period of 4 s.
    • 2000, Traffic Engineering & Control, volume 41, page 201:
      Also flashing ambers are not operational at this type of crossing.
    • 2004 January 14, AZGuy, “Turn Signal Research shows amber no more effective then red”, in rec.autos.driving (Usenet):
      >Problem: Red-red signals are too time consuming when traffic density is higher.
      I don't find them time consuming at all. I find them identical to ambers.
  5. (biology, genetics, biochemistry) The stop codon (nucleotide triplet) "UAG", or a mutant which has this stop codon at a premature place in its DNA sequence.
    an amber codon, an amber mutation, an amber suppressor
    • 2007, Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, edition 3, page 333:
      For example, to cross a temperature-sensitive mutation with an amber mutation, amber suppressor cells are infected at the low (permissive) temperature.
    • 2007, Jonathan C. Kuhn, “Detection of Salmonella by Bacteriophage Felix 01”, in Salmonella: Methods and Protocols, pages 27–28:
      Double ambers revert at 10-8-10-9, and therefore, reversion is negligible. Double-amber mutants are made by crossing single-amber mutants with each other.
  6. (uncountable) Hesitance to proceed, or limited approval to proceed; an amber light.
    • 1973, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Currency, and Housing, Hearings, Reports and Prints of the House Committee..., page 53:
      […] in response to the actions I just described, business was given the green light, and now we seem to be on amber.

Synonyms

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  • (intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights): yellow (US)
  • (obsolete: the waxy product of the sperm whale): ambergris

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights”): red, green

Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Adjective

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amber (comparative more amber, superlative most amber)

  1. Of a brownish yellow colour, like that of most amber.
    • 2006, Jeffrey Archer, False Impression, page 270:
      They all moved safely through the first green and then the second, but when the third light turned amber Jack's taxi was the last to cross the intersection.
    • 2008, Elizabeth Amber, Raine: The Lords of Satyr, page 211:
      Ahead, a cool breeze swept the pale morning sun across a grassy meadow turned amber by morning's frost.

Translations

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Verb

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amber (third-person singular simple present ambers, present participle ambering, simple past and past participle ambered)

  1. (transitive, rare) To perfume or flavour with ambergris.
    ambered wine, an ambered room
  2. (transitive, rare) To preserve in amber.
    an ambered fly
  3. (transitive, rare, chiefly poetic or literary) To cause to take on the yellow colour of amber.
    • 1885, America the Beautiful:
      For purple mountains majesty; for amber waves of grain.
    • 2007, Phil Rickman, Fabric of Sin: A Merrily Watkins Mystery:
      Home to the mosaic of coloured-lit windows in the black and white houses, the fake gas lamps ambering the cobbles, sometimes the scent of applewood smoke.
    • 2008, Jeri Westerson, Veil of Lies: A Medieval Noir:
      The firelight flickered on her rounded cheeks, ambering the pale skin.
  4. (intransitive, rare, chiefly poetic or literary) To take on the yellow colour of amber.
    • 2009, Jack Wennerstrom, Black Coffee, page 19:
      Westward along Lancaster Avenue, among the stone walls and broad driveways of imposing old houses—their lawns dappled with the shade of ambering maples and dusty, bark-peeled sycamores—
    • 2011, Tim Powers, On Stranger Tides:
      [T]hough many of the pirates protested against these energetic activities[,] he was only pleasantly tired when the lowering, ambering sun began to bounce needles of gold glare off the waves ahead;

See also

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Further reading

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  • David Barthelmy (1997–2024) “Amber”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
  • “amber”, in Mindat.org‎[3], Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2024.
  1. ^ James F. Crow with William F. Dove (1995) “The Amber Mutants of Phage T4”, in Genetics‎[1], volume 141, number 2, →PMID, →PMCID, pages 439–442.
  2. ^ Nicholas Wright Gillham (2011), Genes, Chromosomes, and Disease: From Simple Traits, to Complex Traits, to Personalized Medicine.

Anagrams

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Middle French ambre, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭡𐭫 (ʾnbl /⁠ambar⁠/).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɑm.bər/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: am‧ber

Noun

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amber n (plural ambers, diminutive ambertje n)

  1. amber (colour of fossil resin)
    Synonyms: barnsteengeel, barnsteenkleur
  2. (nonstandard) amber (fossil resin)
    Synonym: barnsteen
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Descendants

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  • → Indonesian: amber (“amber”)

Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology 1

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From Dutch amber, from Middle French ambre, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭡𐭫 (ʾnbl /⁠ambar⁠/). Doublet of ambar.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈamber], [ˈambər]
  • Hyphenation: am‧bér

Noun

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amber (plural)

  1. amber: a hard, generally yellow to brown translucent fossil resin, used for jewellery. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight.
    Synonyms: ambar, kahrab

Etymology 2

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From Dutch uitlander (“foreigner”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈamber]
  • Hyphenation: am‧bér

Noun

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amber (plural)

  1. (Papua) non-Papuan settlers in Papua.

Further reading

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Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *ambrī.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɑm.ber/, /ˈɑːm.ber/

Noun

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amber m
āmber m

  1. bucket
  2. A measure

Declension

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Short: Ja-stem:

singular plural
nominative amber ambras, amberas
accusative amber ambras, amberas
genitive ambres, amberes ambra
dative ambre ambrum, ambru

Long: Ja-stem:

singular plural
nominative āmber āmbras, āmberas
accusative āmber āmbras, āmberas
genitive āmbres, āmberes āmbra
dative āmbre āmbrum, āmbru

Descendants

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Old High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *ambrī.

Noun

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amber m

  1. bucket

Descendants

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Serbo-Croatian

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Noun

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amber m (Cyrillic spelling амбер)

  1. amber (fossil resin)
    Synonyms: ambra, ambar

Turkish

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish عنبر (anber), from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar).

Noun

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amber (definite accusative amberi, plural amberler)

  1. Ambergris, the waxy product of the sperm whale.
  2. A common noun for nice-smelling things.
  3. (biochemistry, genetics) The stop codon "UAG".

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative amber
Definite accusative amberi
Singular Plural
Nominative amber amberler
Definite accusative amberi amberleri
Dative ambere amberlere
Locative amberde amberlerde
Ablative amberden amberlerden
Genitive amberin amberlerin

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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