achar
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Hindustani اچار / अचार (acār), from Classical Persian آچار (āčār).[1]
Noun
[edit]achar (countable and uncountable, plural achars)
References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese achar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin afflāre (“to blow”). Cognate with Portuguese achar, Asturian afayar and Spanish hallar.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]achar (first-person singular present acho, first-person singular preterite achei, past participle achado)
- (transitive, now rare) to find, come upon
- Synonym: atopar
- 1555, Hernán Nunez, Refranes en Romance:
- Ala me leue Deus, donde ache dos meus
- May God take me to places where I come upon my people
- (transitive, dated) to find, find out; to think
- c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 806:
- prouarõ tres escaleyras de fuste et acharõnas curtas; et desi atarõnas a hũa cõ a outra et deytarõnas a hũa torre
- they tried three wooden ladders but found them too short; and so they tied them together and leaned them against a tower
Conjugation
[edit]Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | achar | |||||
Personal | achar | achares | achar | acharmos | achardes | acharen |
Gerund | ||||||
achando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | achado | achados | ||||
Feminine | achada | achadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | acho | achas | acha | achamos | achades | achan |
Imperfect | achaba | achabas | achaba | achabamos | achabades | achaban |
Preterite | achei | achaches | achou | achamos | achastes | acharon |
Pluperfect | achara | acharas | achara | acharamos | acharades | acharan |
Future | acharei | acharás | achará | acharemos | acharedes | acharán |
Conditional | acharía | acharías | acharía | achariamos | achariades | acharían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ache | aches | ache | achemos | achedes | achen |
Imperfect | achase | achases | achase | achásemos | achásedes | achasen |
Future | achar | achares | achar | acharmos | achardes | acharen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | acha | ache | achemos | achade | achen | |
Negative (non) | non aches | non ache | non achemos | non achedes | non achen |
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “achar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “achar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “achar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “achar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “achar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Irish ochair (“edge”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *okris, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óḱris (compare Latin ocris (“rugged mountain”), Ancient Greek ὄκρις (ókris, “sharp edge”)), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]achar m (genitive singular achair)
- distance, extent
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 7:
- ḱē n t-axr̥, ə tā ən drehəd šin æš šo?
- [Cén t-achar atá an droichead sin as seo?]
- How far is that bridge from here?
- (literally, “What distance…”)
- period of time
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 8:
- ə wakə tū n bĭaiəx ūd lomsə, a çȧn̄ə mē tā axr̥ gȧŕəȷ?
- [An bhfaca tú an beithíoch úd liomsa a cheannaigh mé tá achar gairid?]
- Did you see that cow of mine that I bought a short time ago?
- (geometry) area
Declension
[edit]
|
Derived terms
[edit]- Achar an Dá Lá Dhéag (“the Twelve Days of Christmas; Epiphany”)
Mutation
[edit]radical | eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
achar | n-achar | hachar | t-achar |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ochair”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*akro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 28
Further reading
[edit]- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “achar”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 3
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “achar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “achar”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “achar”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
- “achar”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
Macanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay acar, from Classical Malay اچر (acar), from Classical Persian آچار (āčār, “pickle, marinade”). Compare Indonesian acar. Etymologically unrelated to Portuguese achar or its Macanese descendant achâ.
Noun
[edit]achar
- achar (preserve or pickle, made of spring onions, cabbage, coconut, apple, pear, etc. in vinegar and salt, (formerly) eaten as an appetizer or a street food using toothpicks)
- comê achar ― to eat achar
Usage notes
[edit]- Not to be confused with achâ or ach'á.
- Different from the Indian pickle achar, as this is not spicy.
References
[edit]- https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm#achar
- Batalha, Graciete Nogueira (1988) “achar”, in Glossário do dialecto macaense: notas linguísticas, etnográficas e folclóricas [Glossary of the Macanese dialect: linguistic, ethnographic and folkloric notes], Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, page 143
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]achar
- to find
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | simple | achar | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
gerund | simple | achando | |||||||
compound | gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | achado | achados | |||||||
feminine | achada | achadas | |||||||
present participle | achante | achantes | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | acho | achas | acha | achamos | achades | achan | ||
imperfect | achava | achavas | achava | achavamos, achávamos | achavades, achávades | achavan | |||
preterite | achei | achaste, achasche, achache | achou | achamos | achastes | acharon | |||
pluperfect | achara | acharas | achara | acharamos, acháramos | acharades, achárades | acharan | |||
future | acharei | acharás | achará | acharemos | acharedes | acharán | |||
conditional | acharia | acharias | acharia | achariamos, acharíamos | achariades, acharíades | acharian | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
present imperfect | imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ache | aches | ache | achemos | achedes | achen | ||
preterite | achasse | achasses | achasse | achássemos | achássedes | achassen | |||
future | achar | achares | achar | acharmos | achardes | acharen | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | acha | ache | achemos | achade | — | |||
negative | — | non aches | non ache | non achemos | non achedes | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
achar | achares | achar | acharmos | achardes | acharen | ||||
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Old Irish
[edit]Adjective
[edit]achar
- Alternative form of aicher
Declension
[edit]o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | achar | achar | achar |
Vocative | achair* achar** | ||
Accusative | achar | achair | |
Genitive | achair | achrae, achaire | achair |
Dative | achur | achair | achur |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | achair | achra | |
Vocative | achru achra† | ||
Accusative | achru achra† | ||
Genitive | achar | ||
Dative | achraib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Mutation
[edit]radical | lenition | nasalization |
---|---|---|
achar (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-achar |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): [ɐˈt͡ʃaɾ]
- (Rural Central Brazil) IPA(key): /ɐˈʃa(ɹ)/
- Hyphenation: a‧char
Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese achar, from Latin afflāre. Compare Galician achar and Spanish hallar.
Verb
[edit]achar (first-person singular present acho, first-person singular preterite achei, past participle achado)
- (transitive) to find; to encounter (to come across something that was unknown or had been lost)
- Synonym: encontrar
- Preciso de achar as chaves da minha casa.
- I need to find the keys to my house.
- Nenhum dos estudantes achou a resposta correta.
- None of the students found the correct answer.
- (ditransitive, copulative for the second object) to find; to consider (to have the opinion that a given thing has the given quality)
- Synonym: considerar
- Acho essa casa muito feia.
- I find that house very ugly.
- Acharam o filme interessante.
- They found the film interesting.
- (ditransitive, copulative for the second object) to find (to come across something in the given state)
- Synonym: encontrar
- Caminhei até a vila e achei-a inundada.
- I walked to the village and found it flooded.
- (transitive) to think (to have the given opinion) [with que ‘that’]
- (transitive) to think (to have an opinion regarding the worth of someone or something) [with de ‘of/about/concerning someone/something’]
- Synonym: pensar
- O que acharam do novo livro?
- What did they think of the new book?
- Me diga o que você acha.
- Let me know what you think.
- (pronominal, copulative) to be (in the given state or condition)
- (slang, pronominal) to be arrogant or act arrogantly; to think too highly of oneself
- Aquele otário está se achando com seu carro rebaixado.
- That sucker is being arrogant with his lowrider.
Conjugation
[edit]Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | achar | |||||
Personal | achar | achares | achar | acharmos | achardes | acharem |
Gerund | ||||||
achando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | achado | achados | ||||
Feminine | achada | achadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | acho | achas | acha | achamos | achais | acham |
Imperfect | achava | achavas | achava | achávamos | acháveis | achavam |
Preterite | achei | achaste | achou | achamos1, achámos2 | achastes | acharam |
Pluperfect | achara | acharas | achara | acháramos | acháreis | acharam |
Future | acharei | acharás | achará | acharemos | achareis | acharão |
Conditional | acharia | acharias | acharia | acharíamos | acharíeis | achariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ache | aches | ache | achemos | acheis | achem |
Imperfect | achasse | achasses | achasse | achássemos | achásseis | achassem |
Future | achar | achares | achar | acharmos | achardes | acharem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | acha | ache | achemos | achai | achem | |
Negative (não) | não aches | não ache | não achemos | não acheis | não achem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:achar.
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Hindi आचार (ācār) and Urdu آچار (āćār), from Persian آچار (âčâr).
Noun
[edit]achar m (plural achares)
- achar (a spicy and salty pickle of Indian cuisine)
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:achar.
Further reading
[edit]- “achar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
- English terms borrowed from Hindustani languages
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