abakus

See also: Abakus and abaküs

Czech

Alternative forms

• abak

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”) (compare Late Latin abacus (“art of arithmetic”)), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈabakus]

Noun

abakus m inan

1. abacus (a calculating table or frame)

   Synonym: počitadlo

2. abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

Declension

Declension of abakus (velar masculine inanimate foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	abakus	abaky
genitive	abaku	abaků
dative	abaku	abakům
accusative	abakus	abaky
vocative	abaku	abaky
locative	abaku	abacích
instrumental	abakem	abaky

Further reading

• “abakus”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
• “abakus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “abakus”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English abacus), ultimately from Latin abacus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑbɑkus/, [ˈɑ̝bɑ̝kus̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑbɑkus
• Hyphenation^(key): aba‧kus

Noun

abakus

1. (mathematics, rare) abacus (a calculating frame)

   Synonyms: helmitaulu, laskulauta, laskutaulu

2. (architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

   Synonym: katelaatta

Declension

Inflection of abakus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		abakus	abakukset
genitive		abakuksen	abakusten abakuksien
partitive		abakusta	abakuksia
illative		abakukseen	abakuksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		abakus	abakukset
accusative	nom.	abakus	abakukset
	gen.	abakuksen
genitive		abakuksen	abakusten abakuksien
partitive		abakusta	abakuksia
inessive		abakuksessa	abakuksissa
elative		abakuksesta	abakuksista
illative		abakukseen	abakuksiin
adessive		abakuksella	abakuksilla
ablative		abakukselta	abakuksilta
allative		abakukselle	abakuksille
essive		abakuksena	abakuksina
translative		abakukseksi	abakuksiksi
abessive		abakuksetta	abakuksitta
instructive		—	abakuksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of abakus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative abakukseni abakukseni accusative nom. abakukseni abakukseni gen. abakukseni genitive abakukseni abakusteni abakuksieni partitive abakustani abakuksiani inessive abakuksessani abakuksissani elative abakuksestani abakuksistani illative abakukseeni abakuksiini adessive abakuksellani abakuksillani ablative abakukseltani abakuksiltani allative abakukselleni abakuksilleni essive abakuksenani abakuksinani translative abakuksekseni abakuksikseni abessive abakuksettani abakuksittani instructive — — comitative — abakuksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative abakuksesi abakuksesi accusative nom. abakuksesi abakuksesi gen. abakuksesi genitive abakuksesi abakustesi abakuksiesi partitive abakustasi abakuksiasi inessive abakuksessasi abakuksissasi elative abakuksestasi abakuksistasi illative abakukseesi abakuksiisi adessive abakuksellasi abakuksillasi ablative abakukseltasi abakuksiltasi allative abakuksellesi abakuksillesi essive abakuksenasi abakuksinasi translative abakukseksesi abakuksiksesi abessive abakuksettasi abakuksittasi instructive — — comitative — abakuksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative abakuksemme abakuksemme accusative nom. abakuksemme abakuksemme gen. abakuksemme genitive abakuksemme abakustemme abakuksiemme partitive abakustamme abakuksiamme inessive abakuksessamme abakuksissamme elative abakuksestamme abakuksistamme illative abakukseemme abakuksiimme adessive abakuksellamme abakuksillamme ablative abakukseltamme abakuksiltamme allative abakuksellemme abakuksillemme essive abakuksenamme abakuksinamme translative abakukseksemme abakuksiksemme abessive abakuksettamme abakuksittamme instructive — — comitative — abakuksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative abakuksenne abakuksenne accusative nom. abakuksenne abakuksenne gen. abakuksenne genitive abakuksenne abakustenne abakuksienne partitive abakustanne abakuksianne inessive abakuksessanne abakuksissanne elative abakuksestanne abakuksistanne illative abakukseenne abakuksiinne adessive abakuksellanne abakuksillanne ablative abakukseltanne abakuksiltanne allative abakuksellenne abakuksillenne essive abakuksenanne abakuksinanne translative abakukseksenne abakuksiksenne abessive abakuksettanne abakuksittanne instructive — — comitative — abakuksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative abakuksensa abakuksensa accusative nom. abakuksensa abakuksensa gen. abakuksensa genitive abakuksensa abakustensa abakuksiensa partitive abakustaan abakustansa abakuksiaan abakuksiansa inessive abakuksessaan abakuksessansa abakuksissaan abakuksissansa elative abakuksestaan abakuksestansa abakuksistaan abakuksistansa illative abakukseensa abakuksiinsa adessive abakuksellaan abakuksellansa abakuksillaan abakuksillansa ablative abakukseltaan abakukseltansa abakuksiltaan abakuksiltansa allative abakukselleen abakuksellensa abakuksilleen abakuksillensa essive abakuksenaan abakuksenansa abakuksinaan abakuksinansa translative abakuksekseen abakukseksensa abakuksikseen abakuksiksensa abessive abakuksettaan abakuksettansa abakuksittaan abakuksittansa instructive — — comitative — abakuksineen abakuksinensa

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaba.kʊs]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: aba‧kus

Noun

abakus (plural abakus-abakus)

1. abacus:
   1. (arithmetic) calculating frame

      Synonyms: dekak-dekak, swipoa

      Synonym: sempoa (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

   2. (architecture) the uppermost portion of the capital of a column. [from 1970s]

Proper noun

abakus

1. a global distribution system

Further reading

• “abakus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Latvian

Noun

abakus m

1. accusative plural of abaks

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from English abacus.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /abakos/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /abakʊs/
• Rhymes: -akos, -kos, -os

Noun

abakus (Jawi spelling اباکوس, plural abakus-abakus, informal 1st possessive abakusku, 2nd possessive abakusmu, 3rd possessive abakusnya)

1. abacus (device for performing arithmetical calculations)

   Synonyms: dekak-dekak, sempoa

Norwegian Bokmål

A Chinese-style abacus with beads sliding on rods

An abacus is the uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave

Etymology

From Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”), possibly from a Semitic source, such as Phoenician -𐤀‬𐤁𐤀‬𐤒 (-ʾ‬bʾ‬q) or Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːbakʉs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉs
• Hyphenation: a‧ba‧kus

Noun

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakuser, definite plural abakusene)

1. (mathematics) abacus (an instrument used for performing arithmetical calculations, with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units)
   • 2011 March 11, Aftenposten, page 8:

     en abakus, eller kuleramme, er en tidlig forløper til dagens kalkulator. Den første ble utviklet i Mesopotamia over 2000 år f. Kr.

     An abacus, or abacus, is an early precursor to today's calculator. The first was developed in Mesopotamia over 2000 BC.

   Abakus er nok en fortsettelse av tidligere tiders fingertelling eller daktylonomi

   Abacus is another continuation of the finger counting or dactylonomy of earlier times

   Synonym: kuleramme

2. (architecture, art) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave)
   • 1902, Lorentz Dietrichson, Omrids af den kirkelige Kunstarkæologi, page 34:

     den korinthiske [søyle], hvis abacus, bøiet og med afskaarne hjørner, bar en liden roset paa hver sides midte

     the Corinthian [pillar], whose abacus, bent and with truncated corners, bore a small rosette in the middle of each side

   Abakus er den øvre, plateformete delen av kapitélet på en søyle, som benyttes som opplagringspunkt for bjelker.

   The abacus is the upper, plate-shaped part of the capital of a pillar, which is used as a storage point for beams.

Derived terms

• abasist (“abacist”)

References

• “abakus” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “abakus” in Store norske leksikon
• “abakus (matematikk)” in Store norske leksikon

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin abacus.

Noun

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakusar, definite plural abakusane)

1. abacus (a counting frame)

   Synonym: kuleramme

2. (architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

References

• See Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia (links above)

Polish

abakus sense 1

abakus sense 2

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin abacus. Doublet of abak.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈba.kus/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -akus
• Syllabification: a‧ba‧kus

Noun

abakus m inan

2. (arithmetic) abacus (device used for performing arithmetical calculations; a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc.)

   Synonym: abak

   Hypernym: liczydło

4. (architecture) abacus (uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave; in some cases, a flat oblong or square slab, in others, more decorated)

   spoczywać na abakusie ― to rest on an abacus

Declension

Declension of abakus

	singular	plural
nominative	abakus	abakusy
genitive	abakusa	abakusów
dative	abakusowi	abakusom
accusative	abakus	abakusy
instrumental	abakusem	abakusami
locative	abakusie	abakusach
vocative	abakusie	abakusy

Further reading

• abakus in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• abakus in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• abakus in PWN's encyclopedia
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “abakus”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “abakus”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 1

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• àbak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǎbakus/
• Hyphenation: a‧ba‧kus

Noun

àbakus m (Cyrillic spelling а̀бакус)

1. abacus

Declension

Declension of abakus

	singular	plural
nominative	abakus	abakusi
genitive	abakusa	abakusa
dative	abakusu	abakusima
accusative	abakus	abakuse
vocative	abakusu	abakusi
locative	abakusu	abakusima
instrumental	abakusom	abakusima

Slovak

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈabakus]

Noun

abakus m inan (related adjective abakusový)

1. abacus (a calculating table or frame)

   Synonym: počítadlo

2. abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

Declension

Declension of abakus (pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	abakus	abakusy
genitive	abakusu	abakusov
dative	abakusu	abakusom
accusative	abakus	abakusy
locative	abakuse	abakusoch
instrumental	abakusom	abakusmi

Further reading

• “abakus”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Swedish

Noun

abakus c

1. abacus (a table or frame used for calculating)

   Synonym: kulram

2. abacus (the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column)

Declension

Declension of abakus

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	abakus	abakus
	definite	abakusen	abakusens
plural	indefinite	abakusar	abakusars
	definite	abakusarna	abakusarnas

References

• abakus in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• abakus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• abakus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from English abacus, from Latin abacus. Doublet of abako.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔabakus/ [ˌʔaː.bɐˈxus]
• Rhymes: -abakus
• Syllabification: a‧ba‧kus

Noun

ábakús (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜃᜓᜐ᜔)

1. abacus

   Synonym: abako

Further reading

• “abakus”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

• basuka

Zazaki

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin abacus.

Noun

abakus m

1. abacus