User:Sartma/Hebrew

To check

• Appendix:Hebrew_Swadesh_list
• Malku's lists

• אֶרֶךְ

Templates

• Klein, Ernest (1987) “רָטֹב”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎^[1], Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, pages 614c–615a

Hebrew transliteration

My proposals

• Hybrid Hebrew transliteration
• Hybrid Hebrew transliteration 2.0

New HE Templates

• Make sure both spellings become a link when not matching the pagename (See: שמים)

To check after implementation

• שתיים (štáyim)
• כובע טמבל
• לְהֶפֶךְ (lə-hɛ́p̄ɛḵ) or לְהֵפֶךְ (lə-hép̄ɛḵ)

Comparison of transliteration systems

• Hebrew transliteration

Module & testcases

• Hebrew transliteration Module
• Testcases

Older module:

• Module:he-translit/old/testcases
• Module:he-translit/old

Neo-Hebrew pronunciation

• Hebrew IPA Module
• Hebrew IPA Testcases

Categories

• Excessive spellings

References

• Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
• History of the Ancient and Modern Hebrew Language
• Biblical Hebrew Poetry and Word Play - Reconstructing the Original Oral, Aural and Visual Experience
• Hebrew Frequency list
• Hebrew Unicode
• Info about קָמֶץ (qɔ́meṣ)
• Shwa'
• Hebrew non-lemma forms
• מִשְׁקָלִים (mišqɔlîm, “Hebrew patterns”)

Scripts

• כְּתָב אַשּׁוּרִי (kəṯɔḇ ʔaššuri)
• כְּתַב־סְתָ״ם (kəṯaḇ səṯɔm)
• Rashi script
• Solitreo script

Dictionaries

• Hebrew Academy
• מִילוֹג
• Bible Hub

About Hebrew

Romanizations

Comparison between transliteration systems

		Transliterations (sign-based)				Transcription (pronunciation-based)
Letter		traditional transcription	superscript	Sartma 1	Sartma 2	Traditional (5 vowels)	Modern (7 vowels)
Simple vowels	סָ	ā/o	ɔ			ā/o	ɔ
	סַ	a	a			a	a
	סֵ	ē	e			ē	e
	סֶ	e	ɛ			e	ɛ
	סִ	i	i			i	i
	סֹ	ō	o			ō	o
	סֻ	u	u			u	u
Matres lectionis	סִי	î	iʸ	ī		ī	i
	סֵי	ê¹	eʸ	ē		ē	e
	סֶי	ê¹ (ệ, é⁴)	ɛʸ	ɛ̄		e	ɛ
	סוּ	û	uʷ	ū		ū	u
	סוֹ	ô	oʷ	ō		ō	o
	סָה	â	ɔʰ	ɔ̂	ɔ	ā	ɔ
	סַה	ah³	aʰ	â	a	a	a
	סֵה	ê¹	eʰ	ê	e	ē	e
	סֶה	eh³ (ê²)	ɛʰ	ɛ̂	ɛ	e	ɛ
	סֹה	ōh³	oʰ	ô	o	ō	o
Shwas	סְ	ə/e	ə			ə	ə̆
	סֲ	ă/ă	ă			ă	ă
	סֱ	ĕ/ĕ	ɛ̆			ĕ	ɛ̆
	סֳ	ŏ/ŏ	ɔ̆			ŏ	ɔ̆
Syllable-final (quiescent) aleph	־א	ʾ	ˀ	ʔ		ʾ	ʔ
Consonants	aleph	ʾ	ʔ	ʔ		ʾ	ʔ
	ʿayin	ʿ	ʕ	ʕ		ʿ	ʕ
	other consonants	b/ḇ, g/ḡ, d/ḏ, h, w, z, ḥ, ṭ, y, k/ḵ, l, m, n, s, p/p̄, ṣ, q, r, š/ś, t/ṯ

Grammar

Article

General

1. Non gutturals

   הַ· → before non-guttural consonants

2. Gutturals

   הַ- → before ה or ח.

   הָ- → before א, ע, ר, and stressed הָ֫ or עָ֫.

   הֶ- → before חָ, and unstressed הָ or עָ.

Essential

1. Before non-gutturals

   הַ· (ha*-)

2. Before gutturals

   הָ (hɔ-)

   • hɔ-ʔ..., hɔ-ʕ..., hɔ-r..., hɔ-hɔ́...

   except:

   1. הַ (ha-) before ה (h) or ח (ḥ)
      • ha-h..., ha-ḥ...
   2. הֶ (hɛ-) before חָ/חָ֫ (ḥɔ/ḥɔ́), and unstressed הָ (hɔ-) or עָ (ʕɔ).
      • hɛ-ḥɔ..., hɛ-ḥɔ́..., hɛ-hɔ..., hɛ-ʕɔ...

Table 1

Caption text

Example	Guttural	Article
הַהֵיכָל (ha-heḵɔ́l)	ה (h)	הַ (ha-)
הַחֹ֫דֶשׁ (ha-ḥóḏɛš)	ח (ḥ)
הָאָב (hɔ-ʔɔ́ḇ)	א (ʔ)	הָ (hɔ-)
הָעִיר (hɔ-ʕír)	ע (ʕ)
הָרֹאשׁ (hɔ-róš)	ר (r)
הָהָר (hɔ-hɔ́r)	הָ֫ (hɔ́)
הֶחָ֫יִל (hɛ-ḥɔ́yil) הֶחָכָם (hɛ-ḥɔḵɔ́m)	חָ/חָ֫ (ḥɔ́/ḥɔ)	הֶ (hɛ-)
הֶהָרִים (hɛ-hɔrím)	הָ (hɔ)
הֶעָפָר (hɛ-ʕɔp̄ɔ́r)	עָ (ʕɔ)

Table 2

Caption text

Guttural	Article	Initial sound	Example
ה (h)	הַ (ha-)	ה (h)	הַהֵיכָל (ha-heḵɔl)
	הֶ (hɛ-)	הָ (hɔ)	הֶהָרִים (hɛ-hɔrim)
	הָ (hɔ-)	הָ (hɔ́)	הָהָר (hɔ-hɔ́r)
ח (ḥ)	הַ (ha-)	ח (ḥ)	הַחֹ֫דֶשׁ (ha-ḥóḏɛš)
	הֶ (hɛ-)	חָ (ḥɔ) or חָ֫ (ḥɔ́)	הֶחָכָם (hɛ-ḥɔḵɔm) הֶחָ֑יִל (hɛ-ḥɔ́yil)
ע (ʕ)	הֶ (hɛ-)	עָ (ʕɔ)	הֶעָפָר (hɛ-ʕɔp̄ɔr)
	הָ (hɔ-)	ע (ʕ) or עָ֫ (ʕɔ́)	הָעִיר (hɔ-ʕir) הָעָ֑ז (hɔ-ʕɔ́z)
א (ʔ)	הָ (hɔ-)	א (ʔ)	הָאָב (hɔ-ʔɔḇ)
ר (r)	הָ (hɔ-)	ר (r)	הָרֹאשׁ (hɔ-roš)