User:Benwing2/test-fr-verb

forms.inf=knockouter|forms.pp=knockouté|forms.ppr=knockoutant|forms.inf_nolink=knockouter|forms.pp_nolink=knockouté|forms.ppr_nolink=knockoutant|forms.ind_p_1s=knockoute|forms.ind_p_2s=knockoutes|forms.ind_p_3s=knockoute|forms.ind_p_1p=knockoutons|forms.ind_p_2p=knockoutez|forms.ind_p_3p=knockoutent|forms.ind_i_1s=knockoutais|forms.ind_i_2s=knockoutais|forms.ind_i_3s=knockoutait|forms.ind_i_1p=knockoutions|forms.ind_i_2p=knockoutiez|forms.ind_i_3p=knockoutaient|forms.ind_ps_1s=knockoutai|forms.ind_ps_2s=knockoutas|forms.ind_ps_3s=knockouta|forms.ind_ps_1p=knockoutâmes|forms.ind_ps_2p=knockoutâtes|forms.ind_ps_3p=knockoutèrent|forms.ind_f_1s=knockouterai|forms.ind_f_2s=knockouteras|forms.ind_f_3s=knockoutera|forms.ind_f_1p=knockouterons|forms.ind_f_2p=knockouterez|forms.ind_f_3p=knockouteront|forms.cond_p_1s=knockouterais|forms.cond_p_2s=knockouterais|forms.cond_p_3s=knockouterait|forms.cond_p_1p=knockouterions|forms.cond_p_2p=knockouteriez|forms.cond_p_3p=knockouteraient|forms.sub_p_1s=knockoute|forms.sub_p_2s=knockoutes|forms.sub_p_3s=knockoute|forms.sub_p_1p=knockoutions|forms.sub_p_2p=knockoutiez|forms.sub_p_3p=knockoutent|forms.sub_pa_1s=knockoutasse|forms.sub_pa_2s=knockoutasses|forms.sub_pa_3s=knockoutât|forms.sub_pa_1p=knockoutassions|forms.sub_pa_2p=knockoutassiez|forms.sub_pa_3p=knockoutassent|forms.imp_p_2s=knockoute|forms.imp_p_1p=knockoutons|forms.imp_p_2p=knockoutez|prons.pp=nɔ.ka.u.te,nɔ.ku.te|prons.ppr=nɔ.ka.u.tɑ̃,nɔ.ku.tɑ̃|prons.ind_p_1s=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.ind_p_2s=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.ind_p_3s=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.ind_p_1p=nɔ.ka.u.tɔ̃,nɔ.ku.tɔ̃|prons.ind_p_2p=nɔ.ka.u.te,nɔ.ku.te|prons.ind_p_3p=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.ind_i_1s=nɔ.ka.u.tɛ,nɔ.ku.tɛ|prons.ind_i_2s=nɔ.ka.u.tɛ,nɔ.ku.tɛ|prons.ind_i_3s=nɔ.ka.u.tɛ,nɔ.ku.tɛ|prons.ind_i_1p=nɔ.ka.u.tjɔ̃,nɔ.ku.tjɔ̃|prons.ind_i_2p=nɔ.ka.u.tje,nɔ.ku.tje|prons.ind_i_3p=nɔ.ka.u.tɛ,nɔ.ku.tɛ|prons.ind_ps_1s=nɔ.ka.u.te,nɔ.ku.te|prons.ind_ps_2s=nɔ.ka.u.ta,nɔ.ku.ta|prons.ind_ps_3s=nɔ.ka.u.ta,nɔ.ku.ta|prons.ind_ps_1p=nɔ.ka.u.tam,nɔ.ku.tam|prons.ind_ps_2p=nɔ.ka.u.tat,nɔ.ku.tat|prons.ind_ps_3p=nɔ.ka.u.tɛʁ,nɔ.ku.tɛʁ|prons.ind_f_1s=nɔ.ka.u.tʁe,nɔ.ku.tʁe|prons.ind_f_2s=nɔ.ka.u.tʁa,nɔ.ku.tʁa|prons.ind_f_3s=nɔ.ka.u.tʁa,nɔ.ku.tʁa|prons.ind_f_1p=nɔ.ka.u.tʁɔ̃,nɔ.ku.tʁɔ̃|prons.ind_f_2p=nɔ.ka.u.tʁe,nɔ.ku.tʁe|prons.ind_f_3p=nɔ.ka.u.tʁɔ̃,nɔ.ku.tʁɔ̃|prons.cond_p_1s=nɔ.ka.u.tʁɛ,nɔ.ku.tʁɛ|prons.cond_p_2s=nɔ.ka.u.tʁɛ,nɔ.ku.tʁɛ|prons.cond_p_3s=nɔ.ka.u.tʁɛ,nɔ.ku.tʁɛ|prons.cond_p_1p=nɔ.ka.u.tə.ʁjɔ̃,nɔ.ku.tə.ʁjɔ̃|prons.cond_p_2p=nɔ.ka.u.tə.ʁje,nɔ.ku.tə.ʁje|prons.cond_p_3p=nɔ.ka.u.tʁɛ,nɔ.ku.tʁɛ|prons.sub_p_1s=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.sub_p_2s=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.sub_p_3s=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.sub_p_1p=nɔ.ka.u.tjɔ̃,nɔ.ku.tjɔ̃|prons.sub_p_2p=nɔ.ka.u.tje,nɔ.ku.tje|prons.sub_p_3p=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.sub_pa_1s=nɔ.ka.u.tas,nɔ.ku.tas|prons.sub_pa_2s=nɔ.ka.u.tas,nɔ.ku.tas|prons.sub_pa_3s=nɔ.ka.u.ta,nɔ.ku.ta|prons.sub_pa_1p=nɔ.ka.u.ta.sjɔ̃,nɔ.ku.ta.sjɔ̃|prons.sub_pa_2p=nɔ.ka.u.ta.sje,nɔ.ku.ta.sje|prons.sub_pa_3p=nɔ.ka.u.tas,nɔ.ku.tas|prons.imp_p_2s=nɔ.ka.ut,nɔ.kut|prons.imp_p_1p=nɔ.ka.u.tɔ̃,nɔ.ku.tɔ̃|prons.imp_p_2p=nɔ.ka.u.te,nɔ.ku.te forms.inf=refaire|forms.pp=refait|forms.ppr=refaisant|forms.inf_nolink=refaire|forms.pp_nolink=refait|forms.ppr_nolink=refaisant|forms.ind_p_1s=refais|forms.ind_p_2s=refais|forms.ind_p_3s=refait|forms.ind_p_1p=rerefaisons|forms.ind_p_2p=refaites|forms.ind_p_3p=refont|forms.ind_i_1s=refaisais|forms.ind_i_2s=refaisais|forms.ind_i_3s=refaisait|forms.ind_i_1p=refaisions|forms.ind_i_2p=refaisiez|forms.ind_i_3p=refaisaient|forms.ind_ps_1s=refis|forms.ind_ps_2s=refis|forms.ind_ps_3s=refit|forms.ind_ps_1p=refîmes|forms.ind_ps_2p=refîtes|forms.ind_ps_3p=refirent|forms.ind_f_1s=referai|forms.ind_f_2s=referas|forms.ind_f_3s=refera|forms.ind_f_1p=referons|forms.ind_f_2p=referez|forms.ind_f_3p=referont|forms.cond_p_1s=referais|forms.cond_p_2s=referais|forms.cond_p_3s=referait|forms.cond_p_1p=referions|forms.cond_p_2p=referiez|forms.cond_p_3p=referaient|forms.sub_p_1s=refasse|forms.sub_p_2s=refasses|forms.sub_p_3s=refasse|forms.sub_p_1p=refassions|forms.sub_p_2p=refassiez|forms.sub_p_3p=refassent|forms.sub_pa_1s=refisse|forms.sub_pa_2s=refisses|forms.sub_pa_3s=refît|forms.sub_pa_1p=refissions|forms.sub_pa_2p=refissiez|forms.sub_pa_3p=refissent|forms.imp_p_2s=refais|forms.imp_p_1p=rerefaisons|forms.imp_p_2p=refaites|prons.pp=ʁə.fɛ|prons.ppr=ʁə.f(ə).zɑ̃|prons.ind_p_1s=ʁə.fɛ|prons.ind_p_2s=ʁə.fɛ|prons.ind_p_3s=ʁə.fɛ|prons.ind_p_1p=ʁə.f(ə).zɔ̃|prons.ind_p_2p=ʁə.fɛt|prons.ind_p_3p=ʁə.fɔ̃|prons.ind_i_1s=ʁə.f(ə).zɛ|prons.ind_i_2s=ʁə.f(ə).zɛ|prons.ind_i_3s=ʁə.f(ə).zɛ|prons.ind_i_1p=ʁə.fə.zjɔ̃|prons.ind_i_2p=ʁə.fə.zje|prons.ind_i_3p=ʁə.f(ə).zɛ|prons.ind_ps_1s=ʁə.fi|prons.ind_ps_2s=ʁə.fi|prons.ind_ps_3s=ʁə.fi|prons.ind_ps_1p=ʁə.fim|prons.ind_ps_2p=ʁə.fit|prons.ind_ps_3p=ʁə.fiʁ|prons.ind_f_1s=ʁə.f(ə).ʁe|prons.ind_f_2s=ʁə.f(ə).ʁa|prons.ind_f_3s=ʁə.f(ə).ʁa|prons.ind_f_1p=ʁə.f(ə).ʁɔ̃|prons.ind_f_2p=ʁə.f(ə).ʁe|prons.ind_f_3p=ʁə.f(ə).ʁɔ̃|prons.cond_p_1s=ʁə.f(ə).ʁɛ|prons.cond_p_2s=ʁə.f(ə).ʁɛ|prons.cond_p_3s=ʁə.f(ə).ʁɛ|prons.cond_p_1p=ʁə.fə.ʁjɔ̃|prons.cond_p_2p=ʁə.fə.ʁje|prons.cond_p_3p=ʁə.f(ə).ʁɛ|prons.sub_p_1s=ʁə.fas|prons.sub_p_2s=ʁə.fas|prons.sub_p_3s=ʁə.fas|prons.sub_p_1p=ʁə.fa.sjɔ̃|prons.sub_p_2p=ʁə.fa.sje|prons.sub_p_3p=ʁə.fas|prons.sub_pa_1s=ʁə.fis|prons.sub_pa_2s=ʁə.fis|prons.sub_pa_3s=ʁə.fi|prons.sub_pa_1p=ʁə.fi.sjɔ̃|prons.sub_pa_2p=ʁə.fi.sje|prons.sub_pa_3p=ʁə.fis|prons.imp_p_2s=ʁə.fɛ|prons.imp_p_1p=ʁə.f(ə).zɔ̃|prons.imp_p_2p=ʁə.fɛt forms.inf=assaillir|forms.pp=assailli|forms.ppr=assaillant|forms.inf_nolink=assaillir|forms.pp_nolink=assailli|forms.ppr_nolink=assaillant|forms.ind_p_1s=assaille|forms.ind_p_2s=assailles|forms.ind_p_3s=assaille|forms.ind_p_1p=assaillons|forms.ind_p_2p=assaillez|forms.ind_p_3p=assaillent|forms.ind_i_1s=assaillais|forms.ind_i_2s=assaillais|forms.ind_i_3s=assaillait|forms.ind_i_1p=assaillions|forms.ind_i_2p=assailliez|forms.ind_i_3p=assaillaient|forms.ind_ps_1s=assaillis|forms.ind_ps_2s=assaillis|forms.ind_ps_3s=assaillit|forms.ind_ps_1p=assaillîmes|forms.ind_ps_2p=assaillîtes|forms.ind_ps_3p=assaillirent|forms.ind_f_1s=assaillirai,assaillerai|forms.ind_f_2s=assailliras,assailleras|forms.ind_f_3s=assaillira,assaillera|forms.ind_f_1p=assaillirons,assaillerons|forms.ind_f_2p=assaillirez,assaillerez|forms.ind_f_3p=assailliront,assailleront|forms.cond_p_1s=assaillirais,assaillerais|forms.cond_p_2s=assaillirais,assaillerais|forms.cond_p_3s=assaillirait,assaillerait|forms.cond_p_1p=assaillirions,assaillerions|forms.cond_p_2p=assailliriez,assailleriez|forms.cond_p_3p=assailliraient,assailleraient|forms.sub_p_1s=assaille|forms.sub_p_2s=assailles|forms.sub_p_3s=assaille|forms.sub_p_1p=assaillions|forms.sub_p_2p=assailliez|forms.sub_p_3p=assaillent|forms.sub_pa_1s=assaillisse|forms.sub_pa_2s=assaillisses|forms.sub_pa_3s=assaillît|forms.sub_pa_1p=assaillissions|forms.sub_pa_2p=assaillissiez|forms.sub_pa_3p=assaillissent|forms.imp_p_2s=assaille|forms.imp_p_1p=assaillons|forms.imp_p_2p=assaillez|prons.pp=a.sa.ji|prons.ppr=a.sa.jɑ̃|prons.ind_p_1s=a.saj|prons.ind_p_2s=a.saj|prons.ind_p_3s=a.saj|prons.ind_p_1p=a.sa.jɔ̃|prons.ind_p_2p=a.sa.je|prons.ind_p_3p=a.saj|prons.ind_i_1s=a.sa.jɛ|prons.ind_i_2s=a.sa.jɛ|prons.ind_i_3s=a.sa.jɛ|prons.ind_i_1p=a.saj.jɔ̃|prons.ind_i_2p=a.saj.je|prons.ind_i_3p=a.sa.jɛ|prons.ind_ps_1s=a.sa.ji|prons.ind_ps_2s=a.sa.ji|prons.ind_ps_3s=a.sa.ji|prons.ind_ps_1p=a.sa.jim|prons.ind_ps_2p=a.sa.jit|prons.ind_ps_3p=a.sa.jiʁ|prons.ind_f_1s=a.sa.ji.ʁe,a.saj.ʁe|prons.ind_f_2s=a.sa.ji.ʁa,a.saj.ʁa|prons.ind_f_3s=a.sa.ji.ʁa,a.saj.ʁa|prons.ind_f_1p=a.sa.ji.ʁɔ̃,a.saj.ʁɔ̃|prons.ind_f_2p=a.sa.ji.ʁe,a.saj.ʁe|prons.ind_f_3p=a.sa.ji.ʁɔ̃,a.saj.ʁɔ̃|prons.cond_p_1s=a.sa.ji.ʁɛ,a.saj.ʁɛ|prons.cond_p_2s=a.sa.ji.ʁɛ,a.saj.ʁɛ|prons.cond_p_3s=a.sa.ji.ʁɛ,a.saj.ʁɛ|prons.cond_p_1p=a.sa.ji.ʁjɔ̃,a.sa.jə.ʁjɔ̃|prons.cond_p_2p=a.sa.ji.ʁje,a.sa.jə.ʁje|prons.cond_p_3p=a.sa.ji.ʁɛ,a.saj.ʁɛ|prons.sub_p_1s=a.saj|prons.sub_p_2s=a.saj|prons.sub_p_3s=a.saj|prons.sub_p_1p=a.saj.jɔ̃|prons.sub_p_2p=a.saj.je|prons.sub_p_3p=a.saj|prons.sub_pa_1s=a.sa.jis|prons.sub_pa_2s=a.sa.jis|prons.sub_pa_3s=a.sa.ji|prons.sub_pa_1p=a.sa.ji.sjɔ̃|prons.sub_pa_2p=a.sa.ji.sje|prons.sub_pa_3p=a.sa.jis|prons.imp_p_2s=a.saj|prons.imp_p_1p=a.sa.jɔ̃|prons.imp_p_2p=a.sa.je

Conjugation of knockouter (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	knockouter
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	knockoutant /nɔ.ka.u.tɑ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.tɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		knockouté /nɔ.ka.u.te/ or /nɔ.ku.te/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	knockoute /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/	knockoutes /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/	knockoute /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/	knockoutons /nɔ.ka.u.tɔ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.tɔ̃/	knockoutez /nɔ.ka.u.te/ or /nɔ.ku.te/	knockoutent /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/
	imperfect	knockoutais /nɔ.ka.u.tɛ/ or /nɔ.ku.tɛ/	knockoutais /nɔ.ka.u.tɛ/ or /nɔ.ku.tɛ/	knockoutait /nɔ.ka.u.tɛ/ or /nɔ.ku.tɛ/	knockoutions /nɔ.ka.u.tjɔ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.tjɔ̃/	knockoutiez /nɔ.ka.u.tje/ or /nɔ.ku.tje/	knockoutaient /nɔ.ka.u.tɛ/ or /nɔ.ku.tɛ/
	past historic2	knockoutai /nɔ.ka.u.te/ or /nɔ.ku.te/	knockoutas /nɔ.ka.u.ta/ or /nɔ.ku.ta/	knockouta /nɔ.ka.u.ta/ or /nɔ.ku.ta/	knockoutâmes /nɔ.ka.u.tam/ or /nɔ.ku.tam/	knockoutâtes /nɔ.ka.u.tat/ or /nɔ.ku.tat/	knockoutèrent /nɔ.ka.u.tɛʁ/ or /nɔ.ku.tɛʁ/
	future	knockouterai /nɔ.ka.u.tʁe/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁe/	knockouteras /nɔ.ka.u.tʁa/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁa/	knockoutera /nɔ.ka.u.tʁa/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁa/	knockouterons /nɔ.ka.u.tʁɔ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁɔ̃/	knockouterez /nɔ.ka.u.tʁe/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁe/	knockouteront /nɔ.ka.u.tʁɔ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁɔ̃/
	conditional	knockouterais /nɔ.ka.u.tʁɛ/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁɛ/	knockouterais /nɔ.ka.u.tʁɛ/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁɛ/	knockouterait /nɔ.ka.u.tʁɛ/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁɛ/	knockouterions /nɔ.ka.u.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.tə.ʁjɔ̃/	knockouteriez /nɔ.ka.u.tə.ʁje/ or /nɔ.ku.tə.ʁje/	knockouteraient /nɔ.ka.u.tʁɛ/ or /nɔ.ku.tʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	knockoute /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/	knockoutes /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/	knockoute /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/	knockoutions /nɔ.ka.u.tjɔ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.tjɔ̃/	knockoutiez /nɔ.ka.u.tje/ or /nɔ.ku.tje/	knockoutent /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/
	imperfect2	knockoutasse /nɔ.ka.u.tas/ or /nɔ.ku.tas/	knockoutasses /nɔ.ka.u.tas/ or /nɔ.ku.tas/	knockoutât /nɔ.ka.u.ta/ or /nɔ.ku.ta/	knockoutassions /nɔ.ka.u.ta.sjɔ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.ta.sjɔ̃/	knockoutassiez /nɔ.ka.u.ta.sje/ or /nɔ.ku.ta.sje/	knockoutassent /nɔ.ka.u.tas/ or /nɔ.ku.tas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	knockoute /nɔ.ka.ut/ or /nɔ.kut/	—	knockoutons /nɔ.ka.u.tɔ̃/ or /nɔ.ku.tɔ̃/	knockoutez /nɔ.ka.u.te/ or /nɔ.ku.te/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a regular -er verb as far as pronunciation is concerned, but as with other verbs in -ayer (such as payer and essayer, the <y> of its stem may optionally be written as <i> when it precedes a silent <e> (compare verbs in -eyer, which never have this spelling change, and verbs in -oyer and -uyer, which always have it; verbs in -ayer belong to either group, according to the writer's preference).

Conjugation of payer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	payer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	payant /pɛ.jɑ̃/ or /pe.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		payé /pɛ.je/ or /pe.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	paye or paie /pɛj/ or /pɛ/	payes or paies /pɛj/ or /pɛ/	paye or paie /pɛj/ or /pɛ/	payons /pɛ.jɔ̃/ or /pe.jɔ̃/	payez /pɛ.je/ or /pe.je/	payent or paient /pɛj/ or /pɛ/
	imperfect	payais /pɛ.jɛ/ or /pe.jɛ/	payais /pɛ.jɛ/ or /pe.jɛ/	payait /pɛ.jɛ/ or /pe.jɛ/	payions /pɛj.jɔ̃/	payiez /pɛj.je/	payaient /pɛ.jɛ/ or /pe.jɛ/
	past historic2	payai /pɛ.je/ or /pe.je/	payas /pɛ.ja/ or /pe.ja/	paya /pɛ.ja/ or /pe.ja/	payâmes /pɛ.jam/ or /pe.jam/	payâtes /pɛ.jat/ or /pe.jat/	payèrent /pɛ.jɛʁ/ or /pe.jɛʁ/
	future	payerai or paierai /pɛj.ʁe/ or /pɛ.ʁe/ or /pe.ʁe/	payeras or paieras /pɛj.ʁa/ or /pɛ.ʁa/ or /pe.ʁa/	payera or paiera /pɛj.ʁa/ or /pɛ.ʁa/ or /pe.ʁa/	payerons or paierons /pɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /pɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /pe.ʁɔ̃/	payerez or paierez /pɛj.ʁe/ or /pɛ.ʁe/ or /pe.ʁe/	payeront or paieront /pɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /pɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /pe.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	payerais or paierais /pɛj.ʁɛ/ or /pɛ.ʁɛ/ or /pe.ʁɛ/	payerais or paierais /pɛj.ʁɛ/ or /pɛ.ʁɛ/ or /pe.ʁɛ/	payerait or paierait /pɛj.ʁɛ/ or /pɛ.ʁɛ/ or /pe.ʁɛ/	payerions or paierions /pɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pe.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pe.ʁjɔ̃/	payeriez or paieriez /pɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /pe.jə.ʁje/ or /pɛ.ʁje/ or /pe.ʁje/	payeraient or paieraient /pɛj.ʁɛ/ or /pɛ.ʁɛ/ or /pe.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	paye or paie /pɛj/ or /pɛ/	payes or paies /pɛj/ or /pɛ/	paye or paie /pɛj/ or /pɛ/	payions /pɛj.jɔ̃/	payiez /pɛj.je/	payent or paient /pɛj/ or /pɛ/
	imperfect2	payasse /pɛ.jas/ or /pe.jas/	payasses /pɛ.jas/ or /pe.jas/	payât /pɛ.ja/ or /pe.ja/	payassions /pɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /pe.ja.sjɔ̃/	payassiez /pɛ.ja.sje/ or /pe.ja.sje/	payassent /pɛ.jas/ or /pe.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	paye or paie /pɛj/ or /pɛ/	—	payons /pɛ.jɔ̃/ or /pe.jɔ̃/	payez /pɛ.je/ or /pe.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of grasseyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	grasseyer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	grasseyant /ɡʁa.sɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ɡʁa.se.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		grasseyé /ɡʁa.sɛ.je/ or /ɡʁa.se.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	grasseye /ɡʁa.sɛj/	grasseyes /ɡʁa.sɛj/	grasseye /ɡʁa.sɛj/	grasseyons /ɡʁa.sɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɡʁa.se.jɔ̃/	grasseyez /ɡʁa.sɛ.je/ or /ɡʁa.se.je/	grasseyent /ɡʁa.sɛj/
	imperfect	grasseyais /ɡʁa.sɛ.jɛ/ or /ɡʁa.se.jɛ/	grasseyais /ɡʁa.sɛ.jɛ/ or /ɡʁa.se.jɛ/	grasseyait /ɡʁa.sɛ.jɛ/ or /ɡʁa.se.jɛ/	grasseyions /ɡʁa.sɛj.jɔ̃/	grasseyiez /ɡʁa.sɛj.je/	grasseyaient /ɡʁa.sɛ.jɛ/ or /ɡʁa.se.jɛ/
	past historic2	grasseyai /ɡʁa.sɛ.je/ or /ɡʁa.se.je/	grasseyas /ɡʁa.sɛ.ja/ or /ɡʁa.se.ja/	grasseya /ɡʁa.sɛ.ja/ or /ɡʁa.se.ja/	grasseyâmes /ɡʁa.sɛ.jam/ or /ɡʁa.se.jam/	grasseyâtes /ɡʁa.sɛ.jat/ or /ɡʁa.se.jat/	grasseyèrent /ɡʁa.sɛ.jɛʁ/ or /ɡʁa.se.jɛʁ/
	future	grasseyerai /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁe/	grasseyeras /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁa/	grasseyera /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁa/	grasseyerons /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁɔ̃/	grasseyerez /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁe/	grasseyeront /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	grasseyerais /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁɛ/	grasseyerais /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁɛ/	grasseyerait /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁɛ/	grasseyerions /ɡʁa.sɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɡʁa.se.jə.ʁjɔ̃/	grasseyeriez /ɡʁa.sɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /ɡʁa.se.jə.ʁje/	grasseyeraient /ɡʁa.sɛj.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	grasseye /ɡʁa.sɛj/	grasseyes /ɡʁa.sɛj/	grasseye /ɡʁa.sɛj/	grasseyions /ɡʁa.sɛj.jɔ̃/	grasseyiez /ɡʁa.sɛj.je/	grasseyent /ɡʁa.sɛj/
	imperfect2	grasseyasse /ɡʁa.sɛ.jas/ or /ɡʁa.se.jas/	grasseyasses /ɡʁa.sɛ.jas/ or /ɡʁa.se.jas/	grasseyât /ɡʁa.sɛ.ja/ or /ɡʁa.se.ja/	grasseyassions /ɡʁa.sɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /ɡʁa.se.ja.sjɔ̃/	grasseyassiez /ɡʁa.sɛ.ja.sje/ or /ɡʁa.se.ja.sje/	grasseyassent /ɡʁa.sɛ.jas/ or /ɡʁa.se.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	grasseye /ɡʁa.sɛj/	—	grasseyons /ɡʁa.sɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɡʁa.se.jɔ̃/	grasseyez /ɡʁa.sɛ.je/ or /ɡʁa.se.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a regular -er verb as far as pronunciation is concerned, but as with other verbs in -ayer (such as payer and essayer, the <y> of its stem may optionally be written as <i> when it precedes a silent <e> (compare verbs in -eyer, which never have this spelling change, and verbs in -oyer and -uyer, which always have it; verbs in -ayer belong to either group, according to the writer's preference).

Conjugation of pagayer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	pagayer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	pagayant /pa.ɡɛ.jɑ̃/ or /pa.ɡe.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		pagayé /pa.ɡɛ.je/ or /pa.ɡe.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	pagaye or pagaie /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/	pagayes or pagaies /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/	pagaye or pagaie /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/	pagayons /pa.ɡɛ.jɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡe.jɔ̃/	pagayez /pa.ɡɛ.je/ or /pa.ɡe.je/	pagayent or pagaient /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/
	imperfect	pagayais /pa.ɡɛ.jɛ/ or /pa.ɡe.jɛ/	pagayais /pa.ɡɛ.jɛ/ or /pa.ɡe.jɛ/	pagayait /pa.ɡɛ.jɛ/ or /pa.ɡe.jɛ/	pagayions /pa.ɡɛj.jɔ̃/	pagayiez /pa.ɡɛj.je/	pagayaient /pa.ɡɛ.jɛ/ or /pa.ɡe.jɛ/
	past historic2	pagayai /pa.ɡɛ.je/ or /pa.ɡe.je/	pagayas /pa.ɡɛ.ja/ or /pa.ɡe.ja/	pagaya /pa.ɡɛ.ja/ or /pa.ɡe.ja/	pagayâmes /pa.ɡɛ.jam/ or /pa.ɡe.jam/	pagayâtes /pa.ɡɛ.jat/ or /pa.ɡe.jat/	pagayèrent /pa.ɡɛ.jɛʁ/ or /pa.ɡe.jɛʁ/
	future	pagayerai or pagaierai /pa.ɡɛj.ʁe/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁe/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁe/	pagayeras or pagaieras /pa.ɡɛj.ʁa/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁa/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁa/	pagayera or pagaiera /pa.ɡɛj.ʁa/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁa/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁa/	pagayerons or pagaierons /pa.ɡɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁɔ̃/	pagayerez or pagaierez /pa.ɡɛj.ʁe/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁe/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁe/	pagayeront or pagaieront /pa.ɡɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	pagayerais or pagaierais /pa.ɡɛj.ʁɛ/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁɛ/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁɛ/	pagayerais or pagaierais /pa.ɡɛj.ʁɛ/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁɛ/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁɛ/	pagayerait or pagaierait /pa.ɡɛj.ʁɛ/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁɛ/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁɛ/	pagayerions or pagaierions /pa.ɡɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡe.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁjɔ̃/	pagayeriez or pagaieriez /pa.ɡɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /pa.ɡe.jə.ʁje/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁje/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁje/	pagayeraient or pagaieraient /pa.ɡɛj.ʁɛ/ or /pa.ɡɛ.ʁɛ/ or /pa.ɡe.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	pagaye or pagaie /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/	pagayes or pagaies /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/	pagaye or pagaie /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/	pagayions /pa.ɡɛj.jɔ̃/	pagayiez /pa.ɡɛj.je/	pagayent or pagaient /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/
	imperfect2	pagayasse /pa.ɡɛ.jas/ or /pa.ɡe.jas/	pagayasses /pa.ɡɛ.jas/ or /pa.ɡe.jas/	pagayât /pa.ɡɛ.ja/ or /pa.ɡe.ja/	pagayassions /pa.ɡɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡe.ja.sjɔ̃/	pagayassiez /pa.ɡɛ.ja.sje/ or /pa.ɡe.ja.sje/	pagayassent /pa.ɡɛ.jas/ or /pa.ɡe.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	pagaye or pagaie /pa.ɡɛj/ or /pa.ɡɛ/	—	pagayons /pa.ɡɛ.jɔ̃/ or /pa.ɡe.jɔ̃/	pagayez /pa.ɡɛ.je/ or /pa.ɡe.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the 'y' with an 'i' before a silent 'e'.

Conjugation of aboyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	aboyer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	aboyant /a.bwa.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		aboyé /a.bwa.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	aboie /a.bwa/	aboies /a.bwa/	aboie /a.bwa/	aboyons /a.bwa.jɔ̃/	aboyez /a.bwa.je/	aboient /a.bwa/
	imperfect	aboyais /a.bwa.jɛ/	aboyais /a.bwa.jɛ/	aboyait /a.bwa.jɛ/	aboyions /a.bwaj.jɔ̃/	aboyiez /a.bwaj.je/	aboyaient /a.bwa.jɛ/
	past historic2	aboyai /a.bwa.je/	aboyas /a.bwa.ja/	aboya /a.bwa.ja/	aboyâmes /a.bwa.jam/	aboyâtes /a.bwa.jat/	aboyèrent /a.bwa.jɛʁ/
	future	aboierai /a.bwa.ʁe/	aboieras /a.bwa.ʁa/	aboiera /a.bwa.ʁa/	aboierons /a.bwa.ʁɔ̃/	aboierez /a.bwa.ʁe/	aboieront /a.bwa.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	aboierais /a.bwa.ʁɛ/	aboierais /a.bwa.ʁɛ/	aboierait /a.bwa.ʁɛ/	aboierions /a.bwa.ʁjɔ̃/	aboieriez /a.bwa.ʁje/	aboieraient /a.bwa.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aboie /a.bwa/	aboies /a.bwa/	aboie /a.bwa/	aboyions /a.bwaj.jɔ̃/	aboyiez /a.bwaj.je/	aboient /a.bwa/
	imperfect2	aboyasse /a.bwa.jas/	aboyasses /a.bwa.jas/	aboyât /a.bwa.ja/	aboyassions /a.bwa.ja.sjɔ̃/	aboyassiez /a.bwa.ja.sje/	aboyassent /a.bwa.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	aboie /a.bwa/	—	aboyons /a.bwa.jɔ̃/	aboyez /a.bwa.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or appuyer. These verbs always replace the 'y' with an 'i' before a silent 'e'.

Conjugation of ennuyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	ennuyer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	ennuyant /ɑ̃.nɥi.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		ennuyé /ɑ̃.nɥi.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	ennuie /ɑ̃.nɥi/	ennuies /ɑ̃.nɥi/	ennuie /ɑ̃.nɥi/	ennuyons /ɑ̃.nɥi.jɔ̃/	ennuyez /ɑ̃.nɥi.je/	ennuient /ɑ̃.nɥi/
	imperfect	ennuyais /ɑ̃.nɥi.jɛ/	ennuyais /ɑ̃.nɥi.jɛ/	ennuyait /ɑ̃.nɥi.jɛ/	ennuyions /ɑ̃.nɥij.jɔ̃/	ennuyiez /ɑ̃.nɥij.je/	ennuyaient /ɑ̃.nɥi.jɛ/
	past historic2	ennuyai /ɑ̃.nɥi.je/	ennuyas /ɑ̃.nɥi.ja/	ennuya /ɑ̃.nɥi.ja/	ennuyâmes /ɑ̃.nɥi.jam/	ennuyâtes /ɑ̃.nɥi.jat/	ennuyèrent /ɑ̃.nɥi.jɛʁ/
	future	ennuierai /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁe/	ennuieras /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁa/	ennuiera /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁa/	ennuierons /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁɔ̃/	ennuierez /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁe/	ennuieront /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	ennuierais /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁɛ/	ennuierais /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁɛ/	ennuierait /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁɛ/	ennuierions /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁjɔ̃/	ennuieriez /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁje/	ennuieraient /ɑ̃.nɥi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	ennuie /ɑ̃.nɥi/	ennuies /ɑ̃.nɥi/	ennuie /ɑ̃.nɥi/	ennuyions /ɑ̃.nɥij.jɔ̃/	ennuyiez /ɑ̃.nɥij.je/	ennuient /ɑ̃.nɥi/
	imperfect2	ennuyasse /ɑ̃.nɥi.jas/	ennuyasses /ɑ̃.nɥi.jas/	ennuyât /ɑ̃.nɥi.ja/	ennuyassions /ɑ̃.nɥi.ja.sjɔ̃/	ennuyassiez /ɑ̃.nɥi.ja.sje/	ennuyassent /ɑ̃.nɥi.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	ennuie /ɑ̃.nɥi/	—	ennuyons /ɑ̃.nɥi.jɔ̃/	ennuyez /ɑ̃.nɥi.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of faire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	faire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	faisant /fə.zɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		fait /fɛ/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	fais /fɛ/	fais /fɛ/	fait /fɛ/	faisons /fə.zɔ̃/	faites /fɛt/	font /fɔ̃/
	imperfect	faisais /fə.zɛ/	faisais /fə.zɛ/	faisait /fə.zɛ/	faisions /fə.zjɔ̃/	faisiez /fə.zje/	faisaient /fə.zɛ/
	past historic2	fis /fi/	fis /fi/	fit /fi/	fîmes /fim/	fîtes /fit/	firent /fiʁ/
	future	ferai /fə.ʁe/	feras /fə.ʁa/	fera /fə.ʁa/	ferons /fə.ʁɔ̃/	ferez /fə.ʁe/	feront /fə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	ferais /fə.ʁɛ/	ferais /fə.ʁɛ/	ferait /fə.ʁɛ/	ferions /fə.ʁjɔ̃/	feriez /fə.ʁje/	feraient /fə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	fasse /fas/	fasses /fas/	fasse /fas/	fassions /fa.sjɔ̃/	fassiez /fa.sje/	fassent /fas/
	imperfect2	fisse /fis/	fisses /fis/	fît /fi/	fissions /fi.sjɔ̃/	fissiez /fi.sje/	fissent /fis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	fais /fɛ/	—	faisons /fə.zɔ̃/	faites /fɛt/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of avoir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	avoir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	ayant /ɛ.jɑ̃/ or /e.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		eu /y/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	ai /e/	as /a/	a /a/	avons /a.vɔ̃/	avez /a.ve/	ont /ɔ̃/
	imperfect	avais /a.vɛ/	avais /a.vɛ/	avait /a.vɛ/	avions /a.vjɔ̃/	aviez /a.vje/	avaient /a.vɛ/
	past historic2	eus /y/	eus /y/	eut /y/	eûmes /ym/	eûtes /yt/	eurent /yʁ/
	future	aurai or aurai /ɔ.ʁe/ or /o.ʁe/	auras or auras /ɔ.ʁa/ or /o.ʁa/	aura or aura /ɔ.ʁa/ or /o.ʁa/	aurons or aurons /ɔ.ʁɔ̃/ or /o.ʁɔ̃/	aurez or aurez /ɔ.ʁe/ or /o.ʁe/	auront or auront /ɔ.ʁɔ̃/ or /o.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	aurais or aurais /ɔ.ʁɛ/ or /o.ʁɛ/	aurais or aurais /ɔ.ʁɛ/ or /o.ʁɛ/	aurait or aurait /ɔ.ʁɛ/ or /o.ʁɛ/	aurions or aurions /ɔ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /o.ʁjɔ̃/	auriez or auriez /ɔ.ʁje/ or /o.ʁje/	auraient or auraient /ɔ.ʁɛ/ or /o.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aie /ɛ/	aies /ɛ/	ait /ɛ/	ayons /ɛ.jɔ̃/ or /e.jɔ̃/	ayez /ɛ.je/ or /e.je/	aient /ɛ/
	imperfect2	eusse /ys/	eusses /ys/	eût /y/	eussions /y.sjɔ̃/	eussiez /y.sje/	eussent /ys/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	aie /ɛ/	—	ayons /ɛ.jɔ̃/ or /e.jɔ̃/	ayez /ɛ.je/ or /e.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of être (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	être
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	étant /e.tɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		été /e.te/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	suis /sɥi/	es /ɛ/	est /ɛ/	sommes /sɔm/	êtes /ɛt/	sont /sɔ̃/
	imperfect	étais /e.tɛ/	étais /e.tɛ/	était /e.tɛ/	étions /e.tjɔ̃/	étiez /e.tje/	étaient /e.tɛ/
	past historic2	fus /fy/	fus /fy/	fut /fy/	fûmes /fym/	fûtes /fyt/	furent /fyʁ/
	future	serai /sə.ʁe/	seras /sə.ʁa/	sera /sə.ʁa/	serons /sə.ʁɔ̃/	serez /sə.ʁe/	seront /sə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	serais /sə.ʁɛ/	serais /sə.ʁɛ/	serait /sə.ʁɛ/	serions /sə.ʁjɔ̃/	seriez /sə.ʁje/	seraient /sə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	sois /swa/	sois /swa/	soit /swa/	soyons /swa.jɔ̃/	soyez /swa.je/	soient /swa/
	imperfect2	fusse /fys/	fusses /fys/	fût /fy/	fussions /fy.sjɔ̃/	fussiez /fy.sje/	fussent /fys/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	sois /swa/	—	soyons /swa.jɔ̃/	soyez /swa.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

The verb aller has a unique and highly irregular conjugation. The second-person singular imperative va additionally combines with y to form vas-y instead of the expected va-y.

Conjugation of aller (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	aller
	compound	être + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	allant /a.lɑ̃/
	compound	étant + past participle
past participle		allé /a.le/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	vais /vɛ/	vas /va/	va /va/	allons /a.lɔ̃/	allez /a.le/	vont /vɔ̃/
	imperfect	allais /a.lɛ/	allais /a.lɛ/	allait /a.lɛ/	allions /a.ljɔ̃/	alliez /a.lje/	allaient /a.lɛ/
	past historic2	allai /ale/	allas /ala/	alla /ala/	allâmes /alam/	allâtes /alat/	allèrent /alɛʁ/
	future	irai /i.ʁe/	iras /i.ʁa/	ira /i.ʁa/	irons /i.ʁɔ̃/	irez /i.ʁe/	iront /i.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	irais /i.ʁɛ/	irais /i.ʁɛ/	irait /i.ʁɛ/	irions /i.ʁjɔ̃/	iriez /i.ʁje/	iraient /i.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of être + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of être + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of être + past participle
	future perfect	future of être + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of être + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aille /aj/	ailles /aj/	aille /aj/	allions /a.ljɔ̃/	alliez /a.lje/	aillent /aj/
	imperfect2	allasse /alas/	allasses /alas/	allât /ala/	allassions /ala.sjɔ̃/	allassiez /ala.sje/	allassent /alas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of être + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	va /va/	—	allons /a.lɔ̃/	allez /a.le/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of être + past participle	—	simple imperative of être + past participle	simple imperative of être + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).

Conjugation of retenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	retenir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	retenant /ʁə.t(ə).nɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		retenu /ʁə.t(ə).ny/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/	retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/	retient /ʁə.tjɛ̃/	retenons /ʁə.t(ə).nɔ̃/	retenez /ʁə.t(ə).ne/	retiennent /ʁə.tjɛn/
	imperfect	retenais /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/	retenais /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/	retenait /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/	retenions /ʁə.tə.njɔ̃/	reteniez /ʁə.tə.nje/	retenaient /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/
	past historic2	retins /ʁə.tɛ̃/	retins /ʁə.tɛ̃/	retint /ʁə.tɛ̃/	retînmes /ʁə.tɛ̃m/	retîntes /ʁə.tɛ̃t/	retinrent /ʁə.tɛ̃ʁ/
	future	retiendrai /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁe/	retiendras /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁa/	retiendra /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁa/	retiendrons /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/	retiendrez /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁe/	retiendront /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	retiendrais /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/	retiendrais /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/	retiendrait /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/	retiendrions /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/	retiendriez /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/	retiendraient /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	retienne /ʁə.tjɛn/	retiennes /ʁə.tjɛn/	retienne /ʁə.tjɛn/	retenions /ʁə.tə.njɔ̃/	reteniez /ʁə.tə.nje/	retiennent /ʁə.tjɛn/
	imperfect2	retinsse /ʁə.tɛ̃s/	retinsses /ʁə.tɛ̃s/	retînt /ʁə.tɛ̃/	retinssions /ʁə.tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/	retinssiez /ʁə.tɛ̃.sje/	retinssent /ʁə.tɛ̃s/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/	—	retenons /ʁə.t(ə).nɔ̃/	retenez /ʁə.t(ə).ne/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of savoir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	savoir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	sachant /sa.ʃɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		su /sy/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	sais /sɛ/	sais /sɛ/	sait /sɛ/	savons /sa.vɔ̃/	savez /sa.ve/	savent /sav/
	imperfect	savais /sa.vɛ/	savais /sa.vɛ/	savait /sa.vɛ/	savions /sa.vjɔ̃/	saviez /sa.vje/	savaient /sa.vɛ/
	past historic2	sus /sy/	sus /sy/	sut /sy/	sûmes /sym/	sûtes /syt/	surent /syʁ/
	future	saurai or saurai /sɔ.ʁe/ or /so.ʁe/	sauras or sauras /sɔ.ʁa/ or /so.ʁa/	saura or saura /sɔ.ʁa/ or /so.ʁa/	saurons or saurons /sɔ.ʁɔ̃/ or /so.ʁɔ̃/	saurez or saurez /sɔ.ʁe/ or /so.ʁe/	sauront or sauront /sɔ.ʁɔ̃/ or /so.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	saurais or saurais /sɔ.ʁɛ/ or /so.ʁɛ/	saurais or saurais /sɔ.ʁɛ/ or /so.ʁɛ/	saurait or saurait /sɔ.ʁɛ/ or /so.ʁɛ/	saurions or saurions /sɔ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /so.ʁjɔ̃/	sauriez or sauriez /sɔ.ʁje/ or /so.ʁje/	sauraient or sauraient /sɔ.ʁɛ/ or /so.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	sache /saʃ/	saches /saʃ/	sache /saʃ/	sachions /sa.ʃjɔ̃/	sachiez /sa.ʃje/	sachent /saʃ/
	imperfect2	susse /sys/	susses /sys/	sût /sy/	sussions /sy.sjɔ̃/	sussiez /sy.sje/	sussent /sys/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	sache /saʃ/	—	sachons /sa.ʃɔ̃/	sachez /sa.ʃe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

The forms beginning with oi-, oy-, or orr- are archaic.

Conjugation of ouïr (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	ouïr
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	ouïssant or oyant /wi.sɑ̃/ or /ɔ.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		ouï /wi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	ouïs or ois /wi/ or /wa/	ouïs or ois /wi/ or /wa/	ouït or oit /wi/ or /wa/	ouïssons or oyons /wi.sɔ̃/ or /ɔ.jɔ̃/	ouïssez or oyez /wi.se/ or /ɔ.je/	ouïssent or oient /wis/ or /wa/
	imperfect	ouïssais or oyais /wi.sɛ/ or /ɔ.jɛ/	ouïssais or oyais /wi.sɛ/ or /ɔ.jɛ/	ouïssait or oyait /wi.sɛ/ or /ɔ.jɛ/	ouïssions or oyions /wi.sjɔ̃/ or /ɔj.jɔ̃/	ouïssiez or oyiez /wi.sje/ or /ɔj.je/	ouïssaient or oyaient /wi.sɛ/ or /ɔ.jɛ/
	past historic2	ouïs /wi/	ouïs /wi/	ouït /wi/	ouïmes /wim/	ouïtes /wit/	ouïrent /wiʁ/
	future	ouïrai or oirai or orrai /wi.ʁe/ or /wa.ʁe/ or /ɔ.ʁe/	ouïras or oiras or orras /wi.ʁa/ or /wa.ʁa/ or /ɔ.ʁa/	ouïra or oira or orra /wi.ʁa/ or /wa.ʁa/ or /ɔ.ʁa/	ouïrons or oirons or orrons /wi.ʁɔ̃/ or /wa.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɔ.ʁɔ̃/	ouïrez or oirez or orrez /wi.ʁe/ or /wa.ʁe/ or /ɔ.ʁe/	ouïront or oiront or orront /wi.ʁɔ̃/ or /wa.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɔ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	ouïrais or oirais or orrais /wi.ʁɛ/ or /wa.ʁɛ/ or /ɔ.ʁɛ/	ouïrais or oirais or orrais /wi.ʁɛ/ or /wa.ʁɛ/ or /ɔ.ʁɛ/	ouïrait or oirait or orrait /wi.ʁɛ/ or /wa.ʁɛ/ or /ɔ.ʁɛ/	ouïrions or oirions or orrions /wi.ʁjɔ̃/ or /wa.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɔ.ʁjɔ̃/	ouïriez or oiriez or orriez /wi.ʁje/ or /wa.ʁje/ or /ɔ.ʁje/	ouïraient or oiraient or orraient /wi.ʁɛ/ or /wa.ʁɛ/ or /ɔ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	ouïsse or oie /wis/ or /wa/	ouïsses or oies /wis/ or /wa/	ouïsse or oie /wis/ or /wa/	ouïssions or oyions /wi.sjɔ̃/ or /ɔj.jɔ̃/	ouïssiez or oyiez /wi.sje/ or /ɔj.je/	ouïssent or oient /wis/ or /wa/
	imperfect2	ouïsse /wis/	ouïsses /wis/	ouït /wi/	ouïssions /wi.sjɔ̃/	ouïssiez /wi.sje/	ouïssent /wis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	ouïs or ois /wi/ or /wa/	—	ouïssons or oyons /wi.sɔ̃/ or /ɔ.jɔ̃/	ouïssez or oyez /wi.se/ or /ɔ.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of surseoir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	surseoir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	sursoyant /syʁ.swa.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		sursis /syʁ.si/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	sursois /syʁ.swa/	sursois /syʁ.swa/	sursoit /syʁ.swa/	sursoyons /syʁ.swa.jɔ̃/	sursoyez /syʁ.swa.je/	sursoient /syʁ.swa/
	imperfect	sursoyais /syʁ.swa.jɛ/	sursoyais /syʁ.swa.jɛ/	sursoyait /syʁ.swa.jɛ/	sursoyions /syʁ.swaj.jɔ̃/	sursoyiez /syʁ.swaj.je/	sursoyaient /syʁ.swa.jɛ/
	past historic2	sursis /syʁ.si/	sursis /syʁ.si/	sursit /syʁ.si/	sursîmes /syʁ.sim/	sursîtes /syʁ.sit/	sursirent /syʁ.siʁ/
	future	surseoirai /syʁ.swa.ʁe/	surseoiras /syʁ.swa.ʁa/	surseoira /syʁ.swa.ʁa/	surseoirons /syʁ.swa.ʁɔ̃/	surseoirez /syʁ.swa.ʁe/	surseoiront /syʁ.swa.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	surseoirais /syʁ.swa.ʁɛ/	surseoirais /syʁ.swa.ʁɛ/	surseoirait /syʁ.swa.ʁɛ/	surseoirions /syʁ.swa.ʁjɔ̃/	surseoiriez /syʁ.swa.ʁje/	surseoiraient /syʁ.swa.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	sursoie /syʁ.swa/	sursoies /syʁ.swa/	sursoie /syʁ.swa/	sursoyions /syʁ.swaj.jɔ̃/	sursoyiez /syʁ.swaj.je/	sursoient /syʁ.swa/
	imperfect2	sursisse /syʁ.sis/	sursisses /syʁ.sis/	sursît /syʁ.si/	sursissions /syʁ.si.sjɔ̃/	sursissiez /syʁ.si.sje/	sursissent /syʁ.sis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	sursois /syʁ.swa/	—	sursoyons /syʁ.swa.jɔ̃/	sursoyez /syʁ.swa.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is not conjugated in certain tenses.

Conjugation of clore (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	clore
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	closant /klo.zɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		clos /klo/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	clos /klo/	clos /klo/	clôt /klo/	closons /klo.zɔ̃/	closez /klo.ze/	closent /kloz/
	imperfect	—	—	—	—	—	—
	past historic2	—	—	—	—	—	—
	future	clorai /klɔ.ʁe/	cloras /klɔ.ʁa/	clora /klɔ.ʁa/	clorons /klɔ.ʁɔ̃/	clorez /klɔ.ʁe/	cloront /klɔ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	clorais /klɔ.ʁɛ/	clorais /klɔ.ʁɛ/	clorait /klɔ.ʁɛ/	clorions /klɔ.ʁjɔ̃/	cloriez /klɔ.ʁje/	cloraient /klɔ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	close /kloz/	closes /kloz/	close /kloz/	closions /klo.zjɔ̃/	closiez /klo.zje/	closent /kloz/
	imperfect2	—	—	—	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	clos /klo/	—	closons /klo.zɔ̃/	closez /klo.ze/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -bray- root: *je brayis, *que nous brayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -brais- was used instead of -bray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.

Conjugation of braire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	braire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	brayant /bʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /bʁe.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		brait /bʁɛ/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	brais /bʁɛ/	brais /bʁɛ/	brait /bʁɛ/	brayons /bʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /bʁe.jɔ̃/	brayez /bʁɛ.je/ or /bʁe.je/	braient /bʁɛ/
	imperfect	brayais /bʁɛ.jɛ/ or /bʁe.jɛ/	brayais /bʁɛ.jɛ/ or /bʁe.jɛ/	brayait /bʁɛ.jɛ/ or /bʁe.jɛ/	brayions /bʁɛj.jɔ̃/	brayiez /bʁɛj.je/	brayaient /bʁɛ.jɛ/ or /bʁe.jɛ/
	past historic2	brayai /bʁɛe/	brayas /bʁɛa/	braya /bʁɛa/	brayâmes /bʁɛam/	brayâtes /bʁɛat/	brayèrent /bʁɛɛʁ/
	future	brairai /bʁɛ.ʁe/ or /bʁe.ʁe/	brairas /bʁɛ.ʁa/ or /bʁe.ʁa/	braira /bʁɛ.ʁa/ or /bʁe.ʁa/	brairons /bʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /bʁe.ʁɔ̃/	brairez /bʁɛ.ʁe/ or /bʁe.ʁe/	brairont /bʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /bʁe.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	brairais /bʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /bʁe.ʁɛ/	brairais /bʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /bʁe.ʁɛ/	brairait /bʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /bʁe.ʁɛ/	brairions /bʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /bʁe.ʁjɔ̃/	brairiez /bʁɛ.ʁje/ or /bʁe.ʁje/	brairaient /bʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /bʁe.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	braie /bʁɛ/	braies /bʁɛ/	braie /bʁɛ/	brayions /bʁɛj.jɔ̃/	brayiez /bʁɛj.je/	braient /bʁɛ/
	imperfect2	brayasse /bʁɛas/	brayasses /bʁɛas/	brayât /bʁɛa/	brayassions /bʁɛa.sjɔ̃/	brayassiez /bʁɛa.sje/	brayassent /bʁɛas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	brais /bʁɛ/	—	brayons /bʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /bʁe.jɔ̃/	brayez /bʁɛ.je/ or /bʁe.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is one of a fairly small group of -re verbs, that are all conjugated the same way. They are unlike other verb groups in that the 'i' is given a circumflex before a 't'. This conjugation pattern is no longer in use and has been replaced by -aître.

Conjugation of connoître (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	connoître
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	connoissant /kɔ.nɛ.sɑ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		connu /kɔ.ny/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	connois /kɔ.nɛ/	connois /kɔ.nɛ/	connoit /kɔ.nɛ/	connconnoissons /kɔ.nɛ.sɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sɔ̃/	connconnoissez /kɔ.nɛ.se/ or /kɔ.ne.se/	connoissent /kɔ.nɛs/
	imperfect	connoissais /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.sɛ/	connoissais /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.sɛ/	connoissait /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.sɛ/	connoissions /kɔ.nɛ.sjɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sjɔ̃/	connoissiez /kɔ.nɛ.sje/ or /kɔ.ne.sje/	connoissaient /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.sɛ/
	past historic2	connus /kɔ.ny/	connus /kɔ.ny/	connut /kɔ.ny/	connûmes /kɔ.nym/	connûtes /kɔ.nyt/	connurent /kɔ.nyʁ/
	future	connoîtrai /kɔ.nɛ.tʁe/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁe/	connoîtras /kɔ.nɛ.tʁa/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁa/	connoîtra /kɔ.nɛ.tʁa/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁa/	connoîtrons /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɔ̃/	connoîtrez /kɔ.nɛ.tʁe/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁe/	connoîtront /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɔ̃/
	conditional	connoîtrais /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɛ/	connoîtrais /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɛ/	connoîtrait /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɛ/	connoîtrions /kɔ.nɛ.tʁi.jɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁi.jɔ̃/	connoîtriez /kɔ.nɛ.tʁi.je/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁi.je/	connoîtraient /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	connoisse /kɔ.nɛs/	connoisses /kɔ.nɛs/	connoisse /kɔ.nɛs/	connoissions /kɔ.nɛ.sjɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sjɔ̃/	connoissiez /kɔ.nɛ.sje/ or /kɔ.ne.sje/	connoissent /kɔ.nɛs/
	imperfect2	connusse /kɔ.nys/	connusses /kɔ.nys/	connût /kɔ.ny/	connussions /kɔ.ny.sjɔ̃/	connussiez /kɔ.ny.sje/	connussent /kɔ.nys/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	connois /kɔ.nɛ/	—	connconnoissons /kɔ.nɛ.sɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sɔ̃/	connconnoissez /kɔ.nɛ.se/ or /kɔ.ne.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a defective verb, only conjugated in certain tenses.

Conjugation of choir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	choir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	—
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		chu /ʃy/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	chois /ʃwa/	chois /ʃwa/	choit /ʃwa/	choyons /ʃwa.jɔ̃/	choyez /ʃwa.je/	choient /ʃwa/
	imperfect	—	—	—	—	—	—
	past historic2	chus /ʃy/	chus /ʃy/	chut /ʃy/	chûmes /ʃym/	chûtes /ʃyt/	churent /ʃyʁ/
	future	choirai or cherrai /ʃwa.ʁe/ or /ʃɛ.ʁe/ or /ʃe.ʁe/	choiras or cherras /ʃwa.ʁa/ or /ʃɛ.ʁa/ or /ʃe.ʁa/	choira or cherra /ʃwa.ʁa/ or /ʃɛ.ʁa/ or /ʃe.ʁa/	choirons or cherrons /ʃwa.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʃɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʃe.ʁɔ̃/	choirez or cherrez /ʃwa.ʁe/ or /ʃɛ.ʁe/ or /ʃe.ʁe/	choiront or cherront /ʃwa.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʃɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʃe.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	choirais /ʃwaʁɛ/	choirais /ʃwaʁɛ/	choirait /ʃwaʁɛ/	choirions /ʃwaʁjɔ̃/	choiriez /ʃwaʁje/	choiraient /ʃwaʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	—	—	—	—
	imperfect2	—	—	chût /ʃy/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	—	—	—	—	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is defective and it is not conjugated in certain tenses and plural persons. Using faire frire is recommended.

Conjugation of frire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	frire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	frisant /fʁi.zɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		frit /fʁi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	fris /fʁi/	fris /fʁi/	frit /fʁi/	—	—	—
	imperfect	frisais /fʁi.zɛ/	frisais /fʁi.zɛ/	frisait /fʁi.zɛ/	—	—	—
	past historic2	fris /fʁi/	fris /fʁi/	frit /fʁi/	—	—	—
	future	frirai /fʁi.ʁe/	friras /fʁi.ʁa/	frira /fʁi.ʁa/	—	—	—
	conditional	frirais /fʁi.ʁɛ/	frirais /fʁi.ʁɛ/	frirait /fʁi.ʁɛ/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	—	—	—	—
	imperfect2	—	—	—	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	fris /fʁi/	—	—	—	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of aimer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	aimer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	aimant /ɛ.mɑ̃/ or /e.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		aimé /ɛ.me/ or /e.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	aime /ɛm/2	aimes /ɛm/	aime /ɛm/	aimons /ɛ.mɔ̃/ or /e.mɔ̃/	aimez /ɛ.me/ or /e.me/	aiment /ɛm/
	imperfect	aimais /ɛ.mɛ/ or /e.mɛ/	aimais /ɛ.mɛ/ or /e.mɛ/	aimait /ɛ.mɛ/ or /e.mɛ/	aimions /ɛ.mjɔ̃/ or /e.mjɔ̃/	aimiez /ɛ.mje/ or /e.mje/	aimaient /ɛ.mɛ/ or /e.mɛ/
	past historic3	aimai /ɛ.me/ or /e.me/	aimas /ɛ.ma/ or /e.ma/	aima /ɛ.ma/ or /e.ma/	aimâmes /ɛ.mam/ or /e.mam/	aimâtes /ɛ.mat/ or /e.mat/	aimèrent /ɛ.mɛʁ/ or /e.mɛʁ/
	future	aimerai /ɛm.ʁe/	aimeras /ɛm.ʁa/	aimera /ɛm.ʁa/	aimerons /ɛm.ʁɔ̃/	aimerez /ɛm.ʁe/	aimeront /ɛm.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	aimerais /ɛm.ʁɛ/	aimerais /ɛm.ʁɛ/	aimerait /ɛm.ʁɛ/	aimerions /ɛ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	aimeriez /ɛ.mə.ʁje/ or /e.mə.ʁje/	aimeraient /ɛm.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior3	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aime /ɛm/2	aimes /ɛm/	aime /ɛm/	aimions /ɛ.mjɔ̃/ or /e.mjɔ̃/	aimiez /ɛ.mje/ or /e.mje/	aiment /ɛm/
	imperfect3	aimasse /ɛ.mas/ or /e.mas/	aimasses /ɛ.mas/ or /e.mas/	aimât /ɛ.ma/ or /e.ma/	aimassions /ɛ.ma.sjɔ̃/ or /e.ma.sjɔ̃/	aimassiez /ɛ.ma.sje/ or /e.ma.sje/	aimassent /ɛ.mas/ or /e.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect3	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	aime /ɛm/	—	aimons /ɛ.mɔ̃/ or /e.mɔ̃/	aimez /ɛ.me/ or /e.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 aimé when inverted.
3 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of aimer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	aimer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	aimant /e.mɑ̃/ or /ɛ.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		aimé /e.me/ or /ɛ.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	aime /ɛm/2	aimes /ɛm/	aime /ɛm/	aimons /e.mɔ̃/ or /ɛ.mɔ̃/	aimez /e.me/ or /ɛ.me/	aiment /ɛm/
	imperfect	aimais /e.mɛ/ or /ɛ.mɛ/	aimais /e.mɛ/ or /ɛ.mɛ/	aimait /e.mɛ/ or /ɛ.mɛ/	aimions /e.mjɔ̃/ or /ɛ.mjɔ̃/	aimiez /e.mje/ or /ɛ.mje/	aimaient /e.mɛ/ or /ɛ.mɛ/
	past historic3	aimai /e.me/ or /ɛ.me/	aimas /e.ma/ or /ɛ.ma/	aima /e.ma/ or /ɛ.ma/	aimâmes /e.mam/ or /ɛ.mam/	aimâtes /e.mat/ or /ɛ.mat/	aimèrent /e.mɛʁ/ or /ɛ.mɛʁ/
	future	aimerai /ɛm.ʁe/	aimeras /ɛm.ʁa/	aimera /ɛm.ʁa/	aimerons /ɛm.ʁɔ̃/	aimerez /ɛm.ʁe/	aimeront /ɛm.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	aimerais /ɛm.ʁɛ/	aimerais /ɛm.ʁɛ/	aimerait /ɛm.ʁɛ/	aimerions /ɛ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	aimeriez /ɛ.mə.ʁje/ or /e.mə.ʁje/	aimeraient /ɛm.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior3	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aime /ɛm/2	aimes /ɛm/	aime /ɛm/	aimions /e.mjɔ̃/ or /ɛ.mjɔ̃/	aimiez /e.mje/ or /ɛ.mje/	aiment /ɛm/
	imperfect3	aimasse /e.mas/ or /ɛ.mas/	aimasses /e.mas/ or /ɛ.mas/	aimât /e.ma/ or /ɛ.ma/	aimassions /e.ma.sjɔ̃/ or /ɛ.ma.sjɔ̃/	aimassiez /e.ma.sje/ or /ɛ.ma.sje/	aimassent /e.mas/ or /ɛ.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect3	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	aime /ɛm/	—	aimons /e.mɔ̃/ or /ɛ.mɔ̃/	aimez /e.me/ or /ɛ.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 aimé when inverted.
3 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of continuer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	continuer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	continuant /kɔ̃.ti.nɥɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		continué /kɔ̃.ti.nɥe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	continue /kɔ̃.ti.ny/	continues /kɔ̃.ti.ny/	continue /kɔ̃.ti.ny/	continuons /kɔ̃.ti.nɥɔ̃/	continuez /kɔ̃.ti.nɥe/	continuent /kɔ̃.ti.ny/
	imperfect	continuais /kɔ̃.ti.nɥɛ/	continuais /kɔ̃.ti.nɥɛ/	continuait /kɔ̃.ti.nɥɛ/	continuions /kɔ̃.ti.ny.jɔ̃/	continuiez /kɔ̃.ti.ny.je/	continuaient /kɔ̃.ti.nɥɛ/
	past historic2	continuai /kɔ̃.ti.nɥe/	continuas /kɔ̃.ti.nɥa/	continua /kɔ̃.ti.nɥa/	continuâmes /kɔ̃.ti.nɥam/	continuâtes /kɔ̃.ti.nɥat/	continuèrent /kɔ̃.ti.nɥɛʁ/
	future	continuerai /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁe/	continueras /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁa/	continuera /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁa/	continuerons /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁɔ̃/	continuerez /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁe/	continueront /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	continuerais /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁɛ/	continuerais /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁɛ/	continuerait /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁɛ/	continuerions /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁjɔ̃/	continueriez /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁje/	continueraient /kɔ̃.ti.ny.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	continue /kɔ̃.ti.ny/	continues /kɔ̃.ti.ny/	continue /kɔ̃.ti.ny/	continuions /kɔ̃.ti.ny.jɔ̃/	continuiez /kɔ̃.ti.ny.je/	continuent /kɔ̃.ti.ny/
	imperfect2	continuasse /kɔ̃.ti.nɥas/	continuasses /kɔ̃.ti.nɥas/	continuât /kɔ̃.ti.nɥa/	continuassions /kɔ̃.ti.nɥa.sjɔ̃/	continuassiez /kɔ̃.ti.nɥa.sje/	continuassent /kɔ̃.ti.nɥas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	continue /kɔ̃.ti.ny/	—	continuons /kɔ̃.ti.nɥɔ̃/	continuez /kɔ̃.ti.nɥe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of étudier (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	étudier
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	étudiant /e.ty.djɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		étudié /e.ty.dje/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	étudie /e.ty.di/	étudies /e.ty.di/	étudie /e.ty.di/	étudions /e.ty.djɔ̃/	étudiez /e.ty.dje/	étudient /e.ty.di/
	imperfect	étudiais /e.ty.djɛ/	étudiais /e.ty.djɛ/	étudiait /e.ty.djɛ/	étudiions /e.ty.di.jɔ̃/	étudiiez /e.ty.di.je/	étudiaient /e.ty.djɛ/
	past historic2	étudiai /e.ty.dje/	étudias /e.ty.dja/	étudia /e.ty.dja/	étudiâmes /e.ty.djam/	étudiâtes /e.ty.djat/	étudièrent /e.ty.djɛʁ/
	future	étudierai /e.ty.di.ʁe/	étudieras /e.ty.di.ʁa/	étudiera /e.ty.di.ʁa/	étudierons /e.ty.di.ʁɔ̃/	étudierez /e.ty.di.ʁe/	étudieront /e.ty.di.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	étudierais /e.ty.di.ʁɛ/	étudierais /e.ty.di.ʁɛ/	étudierait /e.ty.di.ʁɛ/	étudierions /e.ty.di.ʁjɔ̃/	étudieriez /e.ty.di.ʁje/	étudieraient /e.ty.di.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	étudie /e.ty.di/	étudies /e.ty.di/	étudie /e.ty.di/	étudiions /e.ty.di.jɔ̃/	étudiiez /e.ty.di.je/	étudient /e.ty.di/
	imperfect2	étudiasse /e.ty.djas/	étudiasses /e.ty.djas/	étudiât /e.ty.dja/	étudiassions /e.ty.dja.sjɔ̃/	étudiassiez /e.ty.dja.sje/	étudiassent /e.ty.djas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	étudie /e.ty.di/	—	étudions /e.ty.djɔ̃/	étudiez /e.ty.dje/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of trier (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	trier
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	triant /tʁi.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		trié /tʁi.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	trie /tʁi/	tries /tʁi/	trie /tʁi/	trions /tʁi.jɔ̃/	triez /tʁi.je/	trient /tʁi/
	imperfect	triais /tʁi.jɛ/	triais /tʁi.jɛ/	triait /tʁi.jɛ/	triions /tʁi.jɔ̃/	triiez /tʁi.je/	triaient /tʁi.jɛ/
	past historic2	triai /tʁi.je/	trias /tʁi.ja/	tria /tʁi.ja/	triâmes /tʁi.jam/	triâtes /tʁi.jat/	trièrent /tʁi.jɛʁ/
	future	trierai /tʁi.ʁe/	trieras /tʁi.ʁa/	triera /tʁi.ʁa/	trierons /tʁi.ʁɔ̃/	trierez /tʁi.ʁe/	trieront /tʁi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	trierais /tʁi.ʁɛ/	trierais /tʁi.ʁɛ/	trierait /tʁi.ʁɛ/	trierions /tʁi.ʁjɔ̃/	trieriez /tʁi.ʁje/	trieraient /tʁi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	trie /tʁi/	tries /tʁi/	trie /tʁi/	triions /tʁi.jɔ̃/	triiez /tʁi.je/	trient /tʁi/
	imperfect2	triasse /tʁi.jas/	triasses /tʁi.jas/	triât /tʁi.ja/	triassions /tʁi.ja.sjɔ̃/	triassiez /tʁi.ja.sje/	triassent /tʁi.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	trie /tʁi/	—	trions /tʁi.jɔ̃/	triez /tʁi.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of agréer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	agréer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	agréant /a.ɡʁe.ɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		agréé /a.ɡʁe.e/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	agrée /a.ɡʁe/	agrées /a.ɡʁe/	agrée /a.ɡʁe/	agréons /a.ɡʁe.ɔ̃/	agréez /a.ɡʁe.e/	agréent /a.ɡʁe/
	imperfect	agréais /a.ɡʁe.ɛ/	agréais /a.ɡʁe.ɛ/	agréait /a.ɡʁe.ɛ/	agréions /a.ɡʁej.jɔ̃/ or /a.ɡʁɛj.jɔ̃/	agréiez /a.ɡʁej.je/ or /a.ɡʁɛj.je/	agréaient /a.ɡʁe.ɛ/
	past historic2	agréai /a.ɡʁe.e/	agréas /a.ɡʁe.a/	agréa /a.ɡʁe.a/	agréâmes /a.ɡʁe.am/	agréâtes /a.ɡʁe.at/	agréèrent /a.ɡʁe.ɛʁ/
	future	agréerai /a.ɡʁe.ʁe/	agréeras /a.ɡʁe.ʁa/	agréera /a.ɡʁe.ʁa/	agréerons /a.ɡʁe.ʁɔ̃/	agréerez /a.ɡʁe.ʁe/	agréeront /a.ɡʁe.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	agréerais /a.ɡʁe.ʁɛ/	agréerais /a.ɡʁe.ʁɛ/	agréerait /a.ɡʁe.ʁɛ/	agréerions /a.ɡʁe.ʁjɔ̃/	agréeriez /a.ɡʁe.ʁje/	agréeraient /a.ɡʁe.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	agrée /a.ɡʁe/	agrées /a.ɡʁe/	agrée /a.ɡʁe/	agréions /a.ɡʁej.jɔ̃/ or /a.ɡʁɛj.jɔ̃/	agréiez /a.ɡʁej.je/ or /a.ɡʁɛj.je/	agréent /a.ɡʁe/
	imperfect2	agréasse /a.ɡʁe.as/	agréasses /a.ɡʁe.as/	agréât /a.ɡʁe.a/	agréassions /a.ɡʁe.a.sjɔ̃/	agréassiez /a.ɡʁe.a.sje/	agréassent /a.ɡʁe.as/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	agrée /a.ɡʁe/	—	agréons /a.ɡʁe.ɔ̃/	agréez /a.ɡʁe.e/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of briller (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	briller
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	brillant /bʁi.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		brillé /bʁi.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	brille /bʁij/	brilles /bʁij/	brille /bʁij/	brillons /bʁi.jɔ̃/	brillez /bʁi.je/	brillent /bʁij/
	imperfect	brillais /bʁi.jɛ/	brillais /bʁi.jɛ/	brillait /bʁi.jɛ/	brillions /bʁij.jɔ̃/	brilliez /bʁij.je/	brillaient /bʁi.jɛ/
	past historic2	brillai /bʁi.je/	brillas /bʁi.ja/	brilla /bʁi.ja/	brillâmes /bʁi.jam/	brillâtes /bʁi.jat/	brillèrent /bʁi.jɛʁ/
	future	brillerai /bʁij.ʁe/	brilleras /bʁij.ʁa/	brillera /bʁij.ʁa/	brillerons /bʁij.ʁɔ̃/	brillerez /bʁij.ʁe/	brilleront /bʁij.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	brillerais /bʁij.ʁɛ/	brillerais /bʁij.ʁɛ/	brillerait /bʁij.ʁɛ/	brillerions /bʁi.jə.ʁjɔ̃/	brilleriez /bʁi.jə.ʁje/	brilleraient /bʁij.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	brille /bʁij/	brilles /bʁij/	brille /bʁij/	brillions /bʁij.jɔ̃/	brilliez /bʁij.je/	brillent /bʁij/
	imperfect2	brillasse /bʁi.jas/	brillasses /bʁi.jas/	brillât /bʁi.ja/	brillassions /bʁi.ja.sjɔ̃/	brillassiez /bʁi.ja.sje/	brillassent /bʁi.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	brille /bʁij/	—	brillons /bʁi.jɔ̃/	brillez /bʁi.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of reveiller (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	reveiller
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	reveillant /ʁə.vɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ʁə.ve.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		reveillé /ʁə.vɛ.je/ or /ʁə.ve.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	reveille /ʁə.vɛj/	reveilles /ʁə.vɛj/	reveille /ʁə.vɛj/	reveillons /ʁə.vɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁə.ve.jɔ̃/	reveillez /ʁə.vɛ.je/ or /ʁə.ve.je/	reveillent /ʁə.vɛj/
	imperfect	reveillais /ʁə.vɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁə.ve.jɛ/	reveillais /ʁə.vɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁə.ve.jɛ/	reveillait /ʁə.vɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁə.ve.jɛ/	reveillions /ʁə.vɛj.jɔ̃/	reveilliez /ʁə.vɛj.je/	reveillaient /ʁə.vɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁə.ve.jɛ/
	past historic2	reveillai /ʁə.vɛ.je/ or /ʁə.ve.je/	reveillas /ʁə.vɛ.ja/ or /ʁə.ve.ja/	reveilla /ʁə.vɛ.ja/ or /ʁə.ve.ja/	reveillâmes /ʁə.vɛ.jam/ or /ʁə.ve.jam/	reveillâtes /ʁə.vɛ.jat/ or /ʁə.ve.jat/	reveillèrent /ʁə.vɛ.jɛʁ/ or /ʁə.ve.jɛʁ/
	future	reveillerai /ʁə.vɛj.ʁe/	reveilleras /ʁə.vɛj.ʁa/	reveillera /ʁə.vɛj.ʁa/	reveillerons /ʁə.vɛj.ʁɔ̃/	reveillerez /ʁə.vɛj.ʁe/	reveilleront /ʁə.vɛj.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	reveillerais /ʁə.vɛj.ʁɛ/	reveillerais /ʁə.vɛj.ʁɛ/	reveillerait /ʁə.vɛj.ʁɛ/	reveillerions /ʁə.vɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁə.ve.jə.ʁjɔ̃/	reveilleriez /ʁə.vɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /ʁə.ve.jə.ʁje/	reveilleraient /ʁə.vɛj.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	reveille /ʁə.vɛj/	reveilles /ʁə.vɛj/	reveille /ʁə.vɛj/	reveillions /ʁə.vɛj.jɔ̃/	reveilliez /ʁə.vɛj.je/	reveillent /ʁə.vɛj/
	imperfect2	reveillasse /ʁə.vɛ.jas/ or /ʁə.ve.jas/	reveillasses /ʁə.vɛ.jas/ or /ʁə.ve.jas/	reveillât /ʁə.vɛ.ja/ or /ʁə.ve.ja/	reveillassions /ʁə.vɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /ʁə.ve.ja.sjɔ̃/	reveillassiez /ʁə.vɛ.ja.sje/ or /ʁə.ve.ja.sje/	reveillassent /ʁə.vɛ.jas/ or /ʁə.ve.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	reveille /ʁə.vɛj/	—	reveillons /ʁə.vɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁə.ve.jɔ̃/	reveillez /ʁə.vɛ.je/ or /ʁə.ve.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of travailler (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	travailler
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	travaillant /tʁa.va.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		travaillé /tʁa.va.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	travailles /tʁa.vaj/	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	travaillons /tʁa.va.jɔ̃/	travaillez /tʁa.va.je/	travaillent /tʁa.vaj/
	imperfect	travaillais /tʁa.va.jɛ/	travaillais /tʁa.va.jɛ/	travaillait /tʁa.va.jɛ/	travaillions /tʁa.vaj.jɔ̃/	travailliez /tʁa.vaj.je/	travaillaient /tʁa.va.jɛ/
	past historic2	travaillai /tʁa.va.je/	travaillas /tʁa.va.ja/	travailla /tʁa.va.ja/	travaillâmes /tʁa.va.jam/	travaillâtes /tʁa.va.jat/	travaillèrent /tʁa.va.jɛʁ/
	future	travaillerai /tʁa.vaj.ʁe/	travailleras /tʁa.vaj.ʁa/	travaillera /tʁa.vaj.ʁa/	travaillerons /tʁa.vaj.ʁɔ̃/	travaillerez /tʁa.vaj.ʁe/	travailleront /tʁa.vaj.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	travaillerais /tʁa.vaj.ʁɛ/	travaillerais /tʁa.vaj.ʁɛ/	travaillerait /tʁa.vaj.ʁɛ/	travaillerions /tʁa.va.jə.ʁjɔ̃/	travailleriez /tʁa.va.jə.ʁje/	travailleraient /tʁa.vaj.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	travailles /tʁa.vaj/	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	travaillions /tʁa.vaj.jɔ̃/	travailliez /tʁa.vaj.je/	travaillent /tʁa.vaj/
	imperfect2	travaillasse /tʁa.va.jas/	travaillasses /tʁa.va.jas/	travaillât /tʁa.va.ja/	travaillassions /tʁa.va.ja.sjɔ̃/	travaillassiez /tʁa.va.ja.sje/	travaillassent /tʁa.va.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	travaille /tʁa.vaj/	—	travaillons /tʁa.va.jɔ̃/	travaillez /tʁa.va.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of pleurer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	pleurer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	pleurant /plœ.ʁɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		pleuré /plœ.ʁe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	pleure /plœʁ/	pleures /plœʁ/	pleure /plœʁ/	pleurons /plœ.ʁɔ̃/	pleurez /plœ.ʁe/	pleurent /plœʁ/
	imperfect	pleurais /plœ.ʁɛ/	pleurais /plœ.ʁɛ/	pleurait /plœ.ʁɛ/	pleurions /plœ.ʁjɔ̃/	pleuriez /plœ.ʁje/	pleuraient /plœ.ʁɛ/
	past historic2	pleurai /plœ.ʁe/	pleuras /plœ.ʁa/	pleura /plœ.ʁa/	pleurâmes /plœ.ʁam/	pleurâtes /plœ.ʁat/	pleurèrent /plœ.ʁɛʁ/
	future	pleurerai /plœ.ʁə.ʁe/	pleureras /plœ.ʁə.ʁa/	pleurera /plœ.ʁə.ʁa/	pleurerons /plœ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/	pleurerez /plœ.ʁə.ʁe/	pleureront /plœ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	pleurerais /plœ.ʁə.ʁɛ/	pleurerais /plœ.ʁə.ʁɛ/	pleurerait /plœ.ʁə.ʁɛ/	pleurerions /plœ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/	pleureriez /plœ.ʁə.ʁje/	pleureraient /plœ.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	pleure /plœʁ/	pleures /plœʁ/	pleure /plœʁ/	pleurions /plœ.ʁjɔ̃/	pleuriez /plœ.ʁje/	pleurent /plœʁ/
	imperfect2	pleurasse /plœ.ʁas/	pleurasses /plœ.ʁas/	pleurât /plœ.ʁa/	pleurassions /plœ.ʁa.sjɔ̃/	pleurassiez /plœ.ʁa.sje/	pleurassent /plœ.ʁas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	pleure /plœʁ/	—	pleurons /plœ.ʁɔ̃/	pleurez /plœ.ʁe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of trembler (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	trembler
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	tremblant /tʁɑ̃.blɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		tremblé /tʁɑ̃.ble/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/	trembles /tʁɑ̃bl/	tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/	tremblons /tʁɑ̃.blɔ̃/	tremblez /tʁɑ̃.ble/	tremblent /tʁɑ̃bl/
	imperfect	tremblais /tʁɑ̃.blɛ/	tremblais /tʁɑ̃.blɛ/	tremblait /tʁɑ̃.blɛ/	tremblions /tʁɑ̃.bli.jɔ̃/	trembliez /tʁɑ̃.bli.je/	tremblaient /tʁɑ̃.blɛ/
	past historic2	tremblai /tʁɑ̃.ble/	tremblas /tʁɑ̃.bla/	trembla /tʁɑ̃.bla/	tremblâmes /tʁɑ̃.blam/	tremblâtes /tʁɑ̃.blat/	tremblèrent /tʁɑ̃.blɛʁ/
	future	tremblerai /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁe/	trembleras /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁa/	tremblera /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁa/	tremblerons /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɔ̃/	tremblerez /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁe/	trembleront /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	tremblerais /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/	tremblerais /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/	tremblerait /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/	tremblerions /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁjɔ̃/	trembleriez /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁje/	trembleraient /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/	trembles /tʁɑ̃bl/	tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/	tremblions /tʁɑ̃.bli.jɔ̃/	trembliez /tʁɑ̃.bli.je/	tremblent /tʁɑ̃bl/
	imperfect2	tremblasse /tʁɑ̃.blas/	tremblasses /tʁɑ̃.blas/	tremblât /tʁɑ̃.bla/	tremblassions /tʁɑ̃.bla.sjɔ̃/	tremblassiez /tʁɑ̃.bla.sje/	tremblassent /tʁɑ̃.blas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/	—	tremblons /tʁɑ̃.blɔ̃/	tremblez /tʁɑ̃.ble/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written partage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of partager (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	partager
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	partageant /paʁ.ta.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		partagé /paʁ.ta.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	partage /paʁ.taʒ/	partages /paʁ.taʒ/	partage /paʁ.taʒ/	partageons /paʁ.ta.ʒɔ̃/	partagez /paʁ.ta.ʒe/	partagent /paʁ.taʒ/
	imperfect	partageais /paʁ.ta.ʒɛ/	partageais /paʁ.ta.ʒɛ/	partageait /paʁ.ta.ʒɛ/	partagions /paʁ.ta.ʒjɔ̃/	partagiez /paʁ.ta.ʒje/	partageaient /paʁ.ta.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	partageai /paʁ.ta.ʒe/	partageas /paʁ.ta.ʒa/	partagea /paʁ.ta.ʒa/	partageâmes /paʁ.ta.ʒam/	partageâtes /paʁ.ta.ʒat/	partagèrent /paʁ.ta.ʒɛʁ/
	future	partagerai /paʁ.taʒ.ʁe/	partageras /paʁ.taʒ.ʁa/	partagera /paʁ.taʒ.ʁa/	partagerons /paʁ.taʒ.ʁɔ̃/	partagerez /paʁ.taʒ.ʁe/	partageront /paʁ.taʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	partagerais /paʁ.taʒ.ʁɛ/	partagerais /paʁ.taʒ.ʁɛ/	partagerait /paʁ.taʒ.ʁɛ/	partagerions /paʁ.ta.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	partageriez /paʁ.ta.ʒə.ʁje/	partageraient /paʁ.taʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	partage /paʁ.taʒ/	partages /paʁ.taʒ/	partage /paʁ.taʒ/	partagions /paʁ.ta.ʒjɔ̃/	partagiez /paʁ.ta.ʒje/	partagent /paʁ.taʒ/
	imperfect2	partageasse /paʁ.ta.ʒas/	partageasses /paʁ.ta.ʒas/	partageât /paʁ.ta.ʒa/	partageassions /paʁ.ta.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	partageassiez /paʁ.ta.ʒa.sje/	partageassent /paʁ.ta.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	partage /paʁ.taʒ/	—	partageons /paʁ.ta.ʒɔ̃/	partagez /paʁ.ta.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.

Conjugation of commencer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	commencer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	commençant /kɔ.mɑ̃.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		commencé /kɔ.mɑ̃.se/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	commence /kɔ.mɑ̃s/	commences /kɔ.mɑ̃s/	commence /kɔ.mɑ̃s/	commençons /kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/	commencez /kɔ.mɑ̃.se/	commencent /kɔ.mɑ̃s/
	imperfect	commençais /kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/	commençais /kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/	commençait /kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/	commencions /kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/	commenciez /kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/	commençaient /kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/
	past historic2	commençai /kɔ.mɑ̃.se/	commenças /kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/	commença /kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/	commençâmes /kɔ.mɑ̃.sam/	commençâtes /kɔ.mɑ̃.sat/	commencèrent /kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛʁ/
	future	commencerai /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/	commenceras /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/	commencera /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/	commencerons /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/	commencerez /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/	commenceront /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/
	conditional	commencerais /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/	commencerais /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/	commencerait /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/	commencerions /kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/	commenceriez /kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁje/	commenceraient /kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	commence /kɔ.mɑ̃s/	commences /kɔ.mɑ̃s/	commence /kɔ.mɑ̃s/	commencions /kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/	commenciez /kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/	commencent /kɔ.mɑ̃s/
	imperfect2	commençasse /kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/	commençasses /kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/	commençât /kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/	commençassions /kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/	commençassiez /kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sje/	commençassent /kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	commence /kɔ.mɑ̃s/	—	commençons /kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/	commencez /kɔ.mɑ̃.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il mène rather than *il mene. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and acheter. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.

Conjugation of mener (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	mener
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	menant /mə.nɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		mené /mə.ne/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	mène /mɛn/	mènes /mɛn/	mène /mɛn/	menons /mə.nɔ̃/	menez /mə.ne/	mènent /mɛn/
	imperfect	menais /mə.nɛ/	menais /mə.nɛ/	menait /mə.nɛ/	menions /mə.njɔ̃/	meniez /mə.nje/	menaient /mə.nɛ/
	past historic2	menai /mə.ne/	menas /mə.na/	mena /mə.na/	menâmes /mə.nam/	menâtes /mə.nat/	menèrent /mə.nɛʁ/
	future	mènerai /mɛn.ʁe/	mèneras /mɛn.ʁa/	mènera /mɛn.ʁa/	mènerons /mɛn.ʁɔ̃/	mènerez /mɛn.ʁe/	mèneront /mɛn.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	mènerais /mɛn.ʁɛ/	mènerais /mɛn.ʁɛ/	mènerait /mɛn.ʁɛ/	mènerions /mɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /me.nə.ʁjɔ̃/	mèneriez /mɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /me.nə.ʁje/	mèneraient /mɛn.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	mène /mɛn/	mènes /mɛn/	mène /mɛn/	menions /mə.njɔ̃/	meniez /mə.nje/	mènent /mɛn/
	imperfect2	menasse /mə.nas/	menasses /mə.nas/	menât /mə.na/	menassions /mə.na.sjɔ̃/	menassiez /mə.na.sje/	menassent /mə.nas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	mène /mɛn/	—	menons /mə.nɔ̃/	menez /mə.ne/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il achète rather than *il achete. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.

Conjugation of acheter (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	acheter
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	achetant /aʃ.tɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		acheté /aʃ.te/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	achète /a.ʃɛt/	achètes /a.ʃɛt/	achète /a.ʃɛt/	achetons /aʃ.tɔ̃/	achetez /aʃ.te/	achètent /a.ʃɛt/
	imperfect	achetais /aʃ.tɛ/	achetais /aʃ.tɛ/	achetait /aʃ.tɛ/	achetions /a.ʃə.tjɔ̃/	achetiez /a.ʃə.tje/	achetaient /aʃ.tɛ/
	past historic2	achetai /aʃ.te/	achetas /aʃ.ta/	acheta /aʃ.ta/	achetâmes /aʃ.tam/	achetâtes /aʃ.tat/	achetèrent /aʃ.tɛʁ/
	future	achèterai /a.ʃɛ.tʁe/ or /a.ʃe.tʁe/	achèteras /a.ʃɛ.tʁa/ or /a.ʃe.tʁa/	achètera /a.ʃɛ.tʁa/ or /a.ʃe.tʁa/	achèterons /a.ʃɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɔ̃/	achèterez /a.ʃɛ.tʁe/ or /a.ʃe.tʁe/	achèteront /a.ʃɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɔ̃/
	conditional	achèterais /a.ʃɛ.tʁɛ/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɛ/	achèterais /a.ʃɛ.tʁɛ/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɛ/	achèterait /a.ʃɛ.tʁɛ/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɛ/	achèterions /a.ʃɛ.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /a.ʃe.tə.ʁjɔ̃/	achèteriez /a.ʃɛ.tə.ʁje/ or /a.ʃe.tə.ʁje/	achèteraient /a.ʃɛ.tʁɛ/ or /a.ʃe.tʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	achète /a.ʃɛt/	achètes /a.ʃɛt/	achète /a.ʃɛt/	achetions /a.ʃə.tjɔ̃/	achetiez /a.ʃə.tje/	achètent /a.ʃɛt/
	imperfect2	achetasse /aʃ.tas/	achetasses /aʃ.tas/	achetât /aʃ.ta/	achetassions /aʃ.ta.sjɔ̃/	achetassiez /aʃ.ta.sje/	achetassent /aʃ.tas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	achète /a.ʃɛt/	—	achetons /aʃ.tɔ̃/	achetez /aʃ.te/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is conjugated like espérer. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written céder-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written cèder-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of céder (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	céder
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	cédant /se.dɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		cédé /se.de/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	cède /sɛd/	cèdes /sɛd/	cède /sɛd/	cédons /se.dɔ̃/	cédez /se.de/	cèdent /sɛd/
	imperfect	cédais /se.dɛ/	cédais /se.dɛ/	cédait /se.dɛ/	cédions /se.djɔ̃/	cédiez /se.dje/	cédaient /se.dɛ/
	past historic2	cédai /se.de/	cédas /se.da/	céda /se.da/	cédâmes /se.dam/	cédâtes /se.dat/	cédèrent /se.dɛʁ/
	future	cèderai or céderai /sɛ.dʁe/ or /se.dʁe/	cèderas or céderas /sɛ.dʁa/ or /se.dʁa/	cèdera or cédera /sɛ.dʁa/ or /se.dʁa/	cèderons or céderons /sɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /se.dʁɔ̃/	cèderez or céderez /sɛ.dʁe/ or /se.dʁe/	cèderont or céderont /sɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /se.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	cèderais or céderais /sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /se.dʁɛ/	cèderais or céderais /sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /se.dʁɛ/	cèderait or céderait /sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /se.dʁɛ/	cèderions or céderions /sɛ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ or /se.də.ʁjɔ̃/	cèderiez or céderiez /sɛ.də.ʁje/ or /se.də.ʁje/	cèderaient or céderaient /sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /se.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	cède /sɛd/	cèdes /sɛd/	cède /sɛd/	cédions /se.djɔ̃/	cédiez /se.dje/	cèdent /sɛd/
	imperfect2	cédasse /se.das/	cédasses /se.das/	cédât /se.da/	cédassions /se.da.sjɔ̃/	cédassiez /se.da.sje/	cédassent /se.das/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	cède /sɛd/	—	cédons /se.dɔ̃/	cédez /se.de/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is conjugated like espérer. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written céder-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written cèder-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of céder (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	céder
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	cédant /se.dɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		cédé /se.de/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	cède /sɛd/	cèdes /sɛd/	cède /sɛd/	cédons /se.dɔ̃/	cédez /se.de/	cèdent /sɛd/
	imperfect	cédais /se.dɛ/	cédais /se.dɛ/	cédait /se.dɛ/	cédions /se.djɔ̃/	cédiez /se.dje/	cédaient /se.dɛ/
	past historic2	cédai /se.de/	cédas /se.da/	céda /se.da/	cédâmes /se.dam/	cédâtes /se.dat/	cédèrent /se.dɛʁ/
	future	cèderai or céderai /sɛ.dʁe/ or /se.dʁe/	cèderas or céderas /sɛ.dʁa/ or /se.dʁa/	cèdera or cédera /sɛ.dʁa/ or /se.dʁa/	cèderons or céderons /sɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /se.dʁɔ̃/	cèderez or céderez /sɛ.dʁe/ or /se.dʁe/	cèderont or céderont /sɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /se.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	cèderais or céderais /sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /se.dʁɛ/	cèderais or céderais /sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /se.dʁɛ/	cèderait or céderait /sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /se.dʁɛ/	cèderions or céderions /sɛ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ or /se.də.ʁjɔ̃/	cèderiez or céderiez /sɛ.də.ʁje/ or /se.də.ʁje/	cèderaient or céderaient /sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /se.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	cède /sɛd/	cèdes /sɛd/	cède /sɛd/	cédions /se.djɔ̃/	cédiez /se.dje/	cèdent /sɛd/
	imperfect2	cédasse /se.das/	cédasses /se.das/	cédât /se.da/	cédassions /se.da.sjɔ̃/	cédassiez /se.da.sje/	cédassent /se.das/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	cède /sɛd/	—	cédons /se.dɔ̃/	cédez /se.de/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

With the exception of appeler, jeter and their derived verbs, all verbs that used to double the consonants can now also be conjugated like amener.

Conjugation of appeler (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	appeler
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	appelant /ʁa.plɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		appelé /ʁa.ple/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	appelle /ʁa.pɛl/	appelles /ʁa.pɛl/	appelle /ʁa.pɛl/	appelons /ʁa.plɔ̃/	appelez /ʁa.ple/	appellent /ʁa.pɛl/
	imperfect	appelais /ʁa.plɛ/	appelais /ʁa.plɛ/	appelait /ʁa.plɛ/	appelions /ʁa.pə.ljɔ̃/	appeliez /ʁa.pə.lje/	appelaient /ʁa.plɛ/
	past historic2	appelai /ʁa.ple/	appelas /ʁa.pla/	appela /ʁa.pla/	appelâmes /ʁa.plam/	appelâtes /ʁa.plat/	appelèrent /ʁa.plɛʁ/
	future	appellerai /ʁa.pɛl.ʁe/	appelleras /ʁa.pɛl.ʁa/	appellera /ʁa.pɛl.ʁa/	appellerons /ʁa.pɛl.ʁɔ̃/	appellerez /ʁa.pɛl.ʁe/	appelleront /ʁa.pɛl.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	appellerais /ʁa.pɛl.ʁɛ/	appellerais /ʁa.pɛl.ʁɛ/	appellerait /ʁa.pɛl.ʁɛ/	appellerions /ʁa.pɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁa.pe.lə.ʁjɔ̃/	appelleriez /ʁa.pɛ.lə.ʁje/ or /ʁa.pe.lə.ʁje/	appelleraient /ʁa.pɛl.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	appelle /ʁa.pɛl/	appelles /ʁa.pɛl/	appelle /ʁa.pɛl/	appelions /ʁa.pə.ljɔ̃/	appeliez /ʁa.pə.lje/	appellent /ʁa.pɛl/
	imperfect2	appelasse /ʁa.plas/	appelasses /ʁa.plas/	appelât /ʁa.pla/	appelassions /ʁa.pla.sjɔ̃/	appelassiez /ʁa.pla.sje/	appelassent /ʁa.plas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	appelle /ʁa.pɛl/	—	appelons /ʁa.plɔ̃/	appelez /ʁa.ple/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of jacqueter (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	jacqueter
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	jacquetant /ʒak.tɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		jacqueté /ʒak.te/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	jacquete /ʒakt/	jacquetes /ʒakt/	jacquete /ʒakt/	jacquetons /ʒak.tɔ̃/	jacquetez /ʒak.te/	jacquetent /ʒakt/
	imperfect	jacquetais /ʒak.tɛ/	jacquetais /ʒak.tɛ/	jacquetait /ʒak.tɛ/	jacquetions /ʒak.tjɔ̃/	jacquetiez /ʒak.tje/	jacquetaient /ʒak.tɛ/
	past historic2	jacquetai /ʒak.te/	jacquetas /ʒak.ta/	jacqueta /ʒak.ta/	jacquetâmes /ʒak.tam/	jacquetâtes /ʒak.tat/	jacquetèrent /ʒak.tɛʁ/
	future	jacqueterai /ʒak.tə.ʁe/	jacqueteras /ʒak.tə.ʁa/	jacquetera /ʒak.tə.ʁa/	jacqueterons /ʒak.tə.ʁɔ̃/	jacqueterez /ʒak.tə.ʁe/	jacqueteront /ʒak.tə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	jacqueterais /ʒak.tə.ʁɛ/	jacqueterais /ʒak.tə.ʁɛ/	jacqueterait /ʒak.tə.ʁɛ/	jacqueterions /ʒak.tə.ʁjɔ̃/	jacqueteriez /ʒak.tə.ʁje/	jacqueteraient /ʒak.tə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	jacquete /ʒakt/	jacquetes /ʒakt/	jacquete /ʒakt/	jacquetions /ʒak.tjɔ̃/	jacquetiez /ʒak.tje/	jacquetent /ʒakt/
	imperfect2	jacquetasse /ʒak.tas/	jacquetasses /ʒak.tas/	jacquetât /ʒak.ta/	jacquetassions /ʒak.ta.sjɔ̃/	jacquetassiez /ʒak.ta.sje/	jacquetassent /ʒak.tas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	jacquete /ʒakt/	—	jacquetons /ʒak.tɔ̃/	jacquetez /ʒak.te/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il jacquète and the third-person singular future indicative il jacquètera.

Conjugation of jacqueter (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	jacqueter
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	jacquetant /ʒak.tɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		jacqueté /ʒak.te/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	jacquète /ʒa.kɛt/	jacquètes /ʒa.kɛt/	jacquète /ʒa.kɛt/	jacquetons /ʒak.tɔ̃/	jacquetez /ʒak.te/	jacquètent /ʒa.kɛt/
	imperfect	jacquetais /ʒak.tɛ/	jacquetais /ʒak.tɛ/	jacquetait /ʒak.tɛ/	jacquetions /ʒa.kə.tjɔ̃/	jacquetiez /ʒa.kə.tje/	jacquetaient /ʒak.tɛ/
	past historic2	jacquetai /ʒak.te/	jacquetas /ʒak.ta/	jacqueta /ʒak.ta/	jacquetâmes /ʒak.tam/	jacquetâtes /ʒak.tat/	jacquetèrent /ʒak.tɛʁ/
	future	jacquèterai /ʒa.kɛ.tʁe/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁe/	jacquèteras /ʒa.kɛ.tʁa/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁa/	jacquètera /ʒa.kɛ.tʁa/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁa/	jacquèterons /ʒa.kɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁɔ̃/	jacquèterez /ʒa.kɛ.tʁe/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁe/	jacquèteront /ʒa.kɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁɔ̃/
	conditional	jacquèterais /ʒa.kɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁɛ/	jacquèterais /ʒa.kɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁɛ/	jacquèterait /ʒa.kɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁɛ/	jacquèterions /ʒa.kɛ.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʒa.ke.tə.ʁjɔ̃/	jacquèteriez /ʒa.kɛ.tə.ʁje/ or /ʒa.ke.tə.ʁje/	jacquèteraient /ʒa.kɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ʒa.ke.tʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	jacquète /ʒa.kɛt/	jacquètes /ʒa.kɛt/	jacquète /ʒa.kɛt/	jacquetions /ʒa.kə.tjɔ̃/	jacquetiez /ʒa.kə.tje/	jacquètent /ʒa.kɛt/
	imperfect2	jacquetasse /ʒak.tas/	jacquetasses /ʒak.tas/	jacquetât /ʒak.ta/	jacquetassions /ʒak.ta.sjɔ̃/	jacquetassiez /ʒak.ta.sje/	jacquetassent /ʒak.tas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	jacquète /ʒa.kɛt/	—	jacquetons /ʒak.tɔ̃/	jacquetez /ʒak.te/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of bruire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	bruire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	bruissant /bʁɥi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		brui /bʁɥi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruit /bʁɥi/	bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/	bruissez /bʁɥi.se/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
	imperfect	bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissait /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissaient /bʁɥi.sɛ/
	past historic2	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruit /bʁɥi/	bruîmes /bʁɥim/	bruîtes /bʁɥit/	bruirent /bʁɥiʁ/
	future	bruirai /bʁɥi.ʁe/	bruiras /bʁɥi.ʁa/	bruira /bʁɥi.ʁa/	bruirons /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/	bruirez /bʁɥi.ʁe/	bruiront /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirait /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirions /bʁɥi.ʁjɔ̃/	bruiriez /bʁɥi.ʁje/	bruiraient /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruisses /bʁɥis/	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
	imperfect2	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruisses /bʁɥis/	bruît /bʁɥi/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	bruis /bʁɥi/	—	bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/	bruissez /bʁɥi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).