être
Appearance
Bourbonnais-Berrichon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Verb
[edit]être
- to be
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of the verb être in Bourbonnais-Berrichon
infinitive | être | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | étant | ||||||
auxiliary | être | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | étà | étée | |||||
plural | étas | étée | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | i | tu (t') | i (il), èle, soé, ça | nous (n') | ous | i (il), èles | |
present | su | es | é | sons | essez | sont | |
imperfect | essin | essos | essot | essians | essiez | essiant | |
preterite | fus | fus | fut | fûmes | fûtes | furont | |
future | serai | seras | sera | serons | serez | seront | |
conditional | serin | seros | serot | serians | seriez | seriant | |
subjunctive | que je (j') | que tu (t') | qu'ai (el), qu'ale | que je (j') | que vos | qu'ai (el), qu'ales | |
present | siye | siyes | siye | siyans | siyez | siyant | |
imperfect | fusse | fusses | fusse | fussians | fussiez | fussiant | |
imperative | — | tu | — | je (j') | vos | — | |
present | siye | siyans | siyez |
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle French and Old French estre and ester, respectively from Early Medieval Latin essere (< esse "be") and Latin stāre (“stand”). Conjugations reflect both but more so the former. The form suis "(I) am" appears to reflect Vulgar Latin *suiō < Latin sum. Compare ai "(I) have", sais "(I) know" < *aiō, *saiō < habeō, sapiō.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ɛtʁ/
- IPA(key): /ɛːtʁ/ (older, now chiefly Belgium and Canada)
- (Louisiana) IPA(key): /ɛtrə/, /dɛt/
- Homophones: aître, aîtres, êtres (general), hêtre, hêtres (aspirated)
- Hyphenation: être
Verb
[edit]être
- to be
- Vous devez être plus clairs.
- You must be clearer.
- (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (including all reflexive verbs)
- Après être allé au yoga, je suis rentré chez moi.
- After having gone to yoga, I came back home.
- (semi-auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)
- Il peut être battu ce soir.
- He can be beaten this evening.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of être (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | être | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | étant /e.tɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | été /e.te/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | suis /sɥi/ |
es /ɛ/ |
est /ɛ/ |
sommes /sɔm/ |
êtes /ɛt/ |
sont /sɔ̃/ |
imperfect | étais /e.tɛ/ |
étais /e.tɛ/ |
était /e.tɛ/ |
étions /e.tjɔ̃/ |
étiez /e.tje/ |
étaient /e.tɛ/ | |
past historic2 | fus /fy/ |
fus /fy/ |
fut /fy/ |
fûmes /fym/ |
fûtes /fyt/ |
furent /fyʁ/ | |
future | serai /sə.ʁe/ |
seras /sə.ʁa/ |
sera /sə.ʁa/ |
serons /sə.ʁɔ̃/ |
serez /sə.ʁe/ |
seront /sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | serais /sə.ʁɛ/ |
serais /sə.ʁɛ/ |
serait /sə.ʁɛ/ |
serions /sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
seriez /sə.ʁje/ |
seraient /sə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sois /swa/ |
sois /swa/ |
soit /swa/ |
soyons /swa.jɔ̃/ |
soyez /swa.je/ |
soient /swa/ |
imperfect2 | fusse /fys/ |
fusses /fys/ |
fût /fy/ |
fussions /fy.sjɔ̃/ |
fussiez /fy.sje/ |
fussent /fys/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | sois /swa/ |
— | soyons /swa.jɔ̃/ |
soyez /swa.je/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Conjugation of s'être (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | s'être | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | s’étant /se.tɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | été /e.te/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | me suis /mə sɥi/ |
t’es /tɛ/ |
s’est /sɛ/ |
nous sommes /nu sɔm/ |
vous êtes /vu.z‿ɛt/ |
se sont /sə sɔ̃/ |
imperfect | m’étais /me.tɛ/ |
t’étais /te.tɛ/ |
s’était /se.tɛ/ |
nous étions /nu.z‿e.tjɔ̃/ |
vous étiez /vu.z‿e.tje/ |
s’étaient /se.tɛ/ | |
past historic2 | me fus /mə fy/ |
te fus /tə fy/ |
se fut /sə fy/ |
nous fûmes /nu fym/ |
vous fûtes /vu fyt/ |
se furent /sə fyʁ/ | |
future | me serai /mə sə.ʁe/ |
te seras /tə sə.ʁa/ |
se sera /sə sə.ʁa/ |
nous serons /nu sə.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous serez /vu sə.ʁe/ |
se seront /sə sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | me serais /mə sə.ʁɛ/ |
te serais /tə sə.ʁɛ/ |
se serait /sə sə.ʁɛ/ |
nous serions /nu sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous seriez /vu sə.ʁje/ |
se seraient /sə sə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | me sois /mə swa/ |
te sois /tə swa/ |
se soit /sə swa/ |
nous soyons /nu swa.jɔ̃/ |
vous soyez /vu swa.je/ |
se soient /sə swa/ |
imperfect2 | me fusse /mə fys/ |
te fusses /tə fys/ |
se fût /sə fy/ |
nous fussions /nu fy.sjɔ̃/ |
vous fussiez /vu fy.sje/ |
se fussent /sə fys/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | sois-toi /swa.twa/ |
— | soyons-nous /swa.jɔ̃.nu/ |
soyez-vous /swa.je.vu/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
[edit]French terms starting with “être”
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Noun
[edit]être m (plural êtres)
- being, creature
- (uncountable) being, the state or fact of existence
- 1943, Jean-Paul Sartre, L'Être et le néant:
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “être”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Lorrain
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Verb
[edit]être
- to be
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estre | estre estu | |||||
gerund | estant | estant estu | |||||
auxiliary verb | estre | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | estu | estue | |||||
plural | estus | estues | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | je / ju / jou / i | tu (t') | el, elle | nos | vos | el, elles | |
present | seui | es | est | sams | êtes | sont | |
imperfect | ère | ères | ère | estiems | estiez | estient | |
near imperfect | estoyor | estoisor | estoitor | estiensor | estiézor | estientor | |
preterite | fui | fus | fut | fums | fûtes | furent | |
future | serai | serais | serait | seroms | seroz | seront | |
conditional | seroie | serois | seroit | seriems | seriez | serient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je / ju / jou / qu’i | que te (t') | qu'el, qu’elle | que nos | que vos | qu'el, qu’elles | |
present | soye | sois | soit | siems | siez | sient | |
imperfect | fusse | fusses | fusse | fussems | fussez | fussent | |
compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nos | vos | — | |
sois | siems | siez |
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estre | estre estu | |||||
gerund | estant | estant estu | |||||
auxiliary verb | estre | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | estu | estue | |||||
plural | estus | estues | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | je / ju / jou / i | tu (t') | el, elle | nos | vos | el, elles | |
present | seui | es | est | estams | estoz | sont | |
imperfect | estoie | estois | estoit | estiems | estiez | estient | |
near imperfect | estoyor | estoisor | estoitor | estiensor | estiézor | estientor | |
preterite | fui | fus | fut | fums | fûtes | furent | |
future | serai | serais | serait | seroms | seroz | seront | |
conditional | seroie | serois | seroit | seriems | seriez | serient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je / ju / jou / qu’i | que te (t') | qu'el, qu’elle | que nos | que vos | qu'el, qu’elles | |
present | estesse | estesses | estesse | estiensse | estiesse | estiensse | |
imperfect | fusse | fusses | fusse | fussems | fussez | fussent | |
compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nos | vos | — | |
sois | siems | siez |
infinitive | être, estre, yêtre, yestre | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | estant, étant, atant | ||||||
auxiliary | estre/être or aivoir | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | estu, étu | estue, étue | |||||
plural | estus, étus | estues, étues | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | je (j') | tu | el, elle | nos | vos | el, elles | |
present | seu, seue, seus, seui, soï, sue | as, os | ôt, ât | estams, étams, âtams, sams, soms | âtes, âtez, êtez, étoz, ôtes, soms | sant, sont | |
distant imperfect (from Latin er-) | ère | ères | ère | estims | estiez | estint | |
distant imperfect (from Latin stab-) | estoie, étoie, étoe, éto, étos, éteue, étaie, étais | estois, étois, étos, éteus, étais | estoit, étoit, étot, était | estins, étins, étains | estins, étins, étains | estint, étint, étaint | |
near imperfect | estoyor, estoisor, étor, étosor, étaisor | estoisor, étosor, étaisor | estoitor, étotor, étaitor | estinor, étinor, étainor | estinor, étinor, étainor | estintor, étintor, étaintor | |
preterite | feus | feus | feut | feurens, feussens, feuhhens, fums | feurens, feussens, feuhhens, feustes | feurent, feussent, feuhhent, feustent | |
future | serâ | serais | serai | serons | seroz | seront | |
conditional | seroie, seraie, seros, sereue | serois, seros, sereus | seroit, serot | serînens, serins | serînens, serins | serînent, serint | |
subjunctive | que je / qu'i | que tu | qu'â (al), qu'ale | que je / qu'i | que vos | qu'âs, qu'ales | |
present | soye, saye, seue, estesse, atesse, éteuhhe | soyes, sayes, seues, estesses, atesse, éteuhhes | soye, saye, sot, soit, estesse, atesse, éteuhhe | sinssens, estinssens, atinssens, étinssens, étinhhens | sinssens, estinssens, atinssens, étinssens, étinhhens | sinssent, estinssent, atinssent, étinssent, étinhhent | |
imperfect | feusse, feuhhe | feusses, feuhhes | feusse, feuhhe | feussens, feuhhens | feussens, feuhhens | feussent, feuhhent | |
imperative | — | tu | — | nos | vos | — | |
present | (soye, saye, sos, seus) | — | — |
Norman
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]être (Jersey)
- Alternative form of ête (“to be”)
Categories:
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon terms inherited from Old French
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon terms derived from Old French
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon terms inherited from Latin
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon terms derived from Latin
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon lemmas
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon verbs
- French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- French terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/ɛtʁ
- Rhymes:French/ɛtʁ/2 syllables
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French auxiliary verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- French third group verbs
- French irregular verbs
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French uncountable nouns
- French nominalized infinitives
- French suppletive verbs
- Lorrain terms inherited from Old French
- Lorrain terms derived from Old French
- Lorrain terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Lorrain terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Lorrain terms inherited from Latin
- Lorrain terms derived from Latin
- Lorrain lemmas
- Lorrain verbs
- Norman terms with audio pronunciation
- Norman lemmas
- Norman verbs
- Jersey Norman