Template:sa-conj/documentation

Uses Module:sa-verb as backend.

Basic Usage

If you are unfamiliar with Sanskrit verbs, this, this, and this serve as great guides to get familiar with conjugations.

This template can be called in eight different ways:

1. {{sa-conj|nonf|...}}: a table with the infinitive, gerund, gerundives, and past passive participle
2. {{sa-conj|pres|...}}: a table with the present tense (incl. the indicative, optative, imperative, and active participles)
3. {{sa-conj|impf|...}}: a table with the imperfect tense
4. {{sa-conj|fut|...}}: a table with the future tense (incl. the simple, peripherastic, and active participles)
5. {{sa-conj|cond|...}}: a table with the conditional tense
6. {{sa-conj|aor|...}}: a table with the aorist tense
7. {{sa-conj|bene|...}}: a table with the benedictive/precative, originally the optative of the aorist
8. {{sa-conj|perf|...}}: a table with the perfect tense (incl. active participles)

The first argument is always the third-person singular indicative active-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb in that tense. For instance, {{sa-conj|pres|arhati}} will produce a table for the present-tense conjugation of अर्हति (arhati). {{sa-conj|impf|ārhat}} will likewise produce a table for the imperfect-tense conjugation of that verb.

One of the uses of this argument is to provide the strong stem. If the 3s form alone is not sufficient, supplemental information can be supplied by suffixing extra data delimited by "<...>"; see below for details.

If no other non-keyword arguments are passed, the verb is assumed to be thematic, and this is all that is necessary. If a second argument is passed, the verb is assumed to be athematic and the the second argument should be the third-person plural indicative active-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb. If a third argument is passed, it should be the third-person singular indicative passive-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb (the verb is not necessarily assumed to be athematic if the passive stem is provided, since the passive stem of thematic verbs is often different from the non-passive stem). For instance, {{sa-conj|pres|leḍhi<leh>|lihanti|lihyate}} will produce a table for the present-tense athematic conjugation of लेढि (leḍhi). For aorist and benedictive tables, the passive stem must be provided if it is different from the active stem, but the middle/weak stem is unused; hence {{sa-conj|aor|alikṣat||alikṣata}} produces the aorist table for लेढि (leḍhi).

The "<...>" in that example encloses the stem of the verb. In most cases of internal sandhi, the module will now detect the underlying stem (based on the third-plural form) and manually providing the stem isn't needed. One exception are roots on -i/ī or -u/ū. A special case are athematic ātmanepada (deponent) verbs in the present tense, where the third-person singular uses the weak stem, but the strong stem needs to be provided for the first person of the imperative (and for the subjunctive), for example {{sa-conj|pres|inddhé<inádh>|indháte}}.

Special case: prefixed verbs on -ayati that aren't causatives, like आनयति (ānayati), need the 'class=1' parameter for the present tense.

The aorist and precative forms tables are slightly different. The contrast between strong and weak is the same as active versus middle. The first non-keyword argument is the third-person singular active, and the second non-keyword argument is the third-person singular middle. The seven different aorist formations cannot always be distinguished on the basis of the 3s, and therefore the formation can be identified by |aor=, as follows:

aor	Name	Example	Regular expression for active 3s	Regular expression for middle 3s	Notes
root	root aorist	aɡan, adāt, abhūt	(.+)t$	N/A
a	a-root aorist	asicat	(.+)at$	(.+)ata$
	reduplicated aorist	ájījanat
s	s-aorist	ajaiṣīt	(.+)[sṣ]īt$	(.+)[sṣ][tṭ]a$
		asrākṣīt, acchaitsīt		(.+[ktp])ta$ / (.+[gdb])dha$
iṣ	is-aorist	apāvīt	(.+)īt$	(.+)iṣṭa$	Roots on -s/ṣ must use |aor=iṣ.
siṣ	siṣ-aorist	ayāsīt		N/A	Must use |aor=siṣ.
sa	sa-aorist	adikṣat	(.+k)ṣat$	(.+k)ṣata$

For perfect verbs from roots on -u or -ṛ that add -i- before endings starting with a consonant, the parameter |set=true is required. At जहार (jahāra) for example: {{sa-conj|perf|jahā́ra|jahrúḥ|set=true}}, producing first plural jahrimá, vs. cakṛmá at चकार (cakāra).

The non-finite forms table is special and takes at most two non-keyword arguments [this table is generally not intended to be used anymore]

• the first required argument is the ya-gerundive of the verb. For लेढि (leḍhi), we would write {{sa-conj|nonf|lihya}}.
• the second optional argument is the past passive participle (masculine/neuter) form of the verb (with a possible bracketed stem). For भवति (bhavati), we would write {{sa-conj|nonf|bhavya|bhūta|set=true}}.

Sandhi

Sandhi-related arguments are:

• "h_to_g=1": to convert h > g before {t, th, d, dh} (duh + -tá = dugdhá) instead of h + t > ḍh (lih + -tá = līḍhá)
• "j_to_z=1": to convert j > ṣ before {t, th} instead of j > k
• "diaspirate=1": for verbs from diaspirate roots, like दोग्धि (dogdhi)
• "ambig_final=k": in very rare cases where final ś becomes k, like for the aorist अद्राक्षीत् (adrākṣīt) from दृश् (dṛś): {{sa-conj|aor|ádrākṣīt<ádrāś>|ádṛṣṭa<ádṛś>|ambig_final=k}}

Limiting Voices

A number of Sanskrit verbs are deponent (only middle voice), active-only, or have no passive. By default, this module will conjugate as many voices as each tense has. To limit the voices, use the argument "n=...". "a" stands for "active", "m" stands for "middle", and "p" stands for "passive", so "n=amp" will produce all three voices, "n=m" will produce just the middle voice, and "n=am" will produce both the active and middle voices, for example.

Overriding Arguments

Occasionally, the automatic sandhi is unable to predict the right form in a particular case or the verb has some special cases. To handle this, every single cell of the table can be completely overridden by a keyword argument to the table. It should be of the form:

• "[mood]_[voice]_[person]_[number]" for finite forms
• "part_[voice]" for participles
• "inf" for the infinitive, "gerundive_mn" for the masculine/neuter gerundive, "gerundive_f" for the feminine gerundive, "part_mn" for the masculine/neuter past passive participle, and "part_f" for the feminine past passive participle

where

• "[mood]" is one of "indic", "optat", "imper"
• "[voice]" is one of "av", "mv", "pv"
• "[person]" is one "1", "2", "3"
• and "[number]" is one of "s", "d", "p"

For instance, in {{sa-conj|pres|asti|santi|n=a}}, the second-person singular indicative present form will be *अस्सि by default, but it is actually irregular and is असि. Hence, we override the default value by providing the arg "indic_av_2_s=asi" in {{sa-conj|pres|asti|santi|indic_av_2_s=asi|n=a}}.

Examples

khelati

For खेलति (khelati) (thematic, class 1, no ablaut),
{{sa-conj|nonf|khelya}}
{{sa-conj|pres|khelati}}
{{sa-conj|impf|akhelat}}
{{sa-conj|fut|kheliṣyati}}
{{sa-conj|cond|akheliṣyat}}
{{sa-conj|aor|akhelīt}}
{{sa-conj|bene|khelyāt}}
{{sa-conj|perf|cakhela}}

asti

For अस्ति (asti) (athematic, class 2),
{{sa-conj|pres|asti|santi|indic_av_2_s=asi|n=a}}
{{sa-conj|impf|āsīt<ās>|āsan|indic_av_2_s=āsīḥ|indic_av_3_s=āsīt|n=a}} ("<ās>" is provided as the form "āsīt" is irregular).

leḍhi

For लेढि (leḍhi) (athematic, class 2, irregular), {{sa-conj|nonf|lehya|līḍha<lih>}}
{{sa-conj|pres|leḍhi|lihanti}}
{{sa-conj|impf|aleṭ|alihan}}
{{sa-conj|fut|lekṣyati}}
{{sa-conj|cond|alekṣyat}}
{{sa-conj|aor|alikṣat}}
{{sa-conj|bene|lihyāt|likṣīṣṭa}}
{{sa-conj|perf|lileha|lilihuḥ}}

riṇakti

For रिणक्ति (riṇakti) (athematic, class 7),
{{sa-conj|nonf|recya|rikta}}
{{sa-conj|pres|riṇakti|riñcanti}}
{{sa-conj|impf|ariṇak|ariñcan}}
{{sa-conj|fut|rekṣyati}}
{{sa-conj|cond|arekṣyat}}
{{sa-conj|aor|aricat}}
{{sa-conj|aor|araikṣīt|arikta}}
{{sa-conj|bene|recyāt|rikṣīṣṭa}}
{{sa-conj|perf|rireca|riricuḥ}}

TODO

• injunctive