Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ōtag

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *ōt (“fire”) +‎ *-ag. Alternatively, from the verbal stem *ōta- (“to make fire”) +‎ *-g.

There was a supposedly early occurred differentiation in stems ending in a vowel acquiring the sense 'room' and stems ending in -ag/-aq acquiring the sense 'tent', but the reverse relationship between form and sense is also attested.

The vowel length in the the first syllable is lost in all contemporary languages including Turkmen and Yakut. However, we can see that the t sound is vocalized due to the long vowel in Gagauz and Turkish.

Noun

*ōtag

1. fireplace
2. tent
3. room

Declension

Declension of *ōtag

	singular 3)
nominative	*ōtag
accusative	*ōtagïg, *ōtagnï1)
genitive	*ōtagnïŋ
dative	*ōtagka
locative	*ōtagda
ablative	*ōtagdan
allative	*ōtaggaru
instrumental 2)	*ōtagïn
equative 2)	*ōtagča
similative 2)	*ōtaglayu
comitative 2)	*ōtaglïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • → Bulgarian: ватог (vatog, “hearth”) (dialectal)
  • → Old Church Slavonic: ватахъ (vataxŭ, “chief, commander”)
  • Old Chuvash: *våtaɣ *uotaɣ
    • → Russian: вата́га (vatága, “gang”)
      • → Kumyk: батагъа (batağa)
• Proto-Common Turkic: *otag

• Oghuz: *ōdag
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: اد (oda), اود (oda), اودا (oda), اوداغ (odağ)
    • Ottoman Turkish: اوطه, اودا (oda), اوده (oda)
      • Gagauz: oda
      • Turkish: oda
      • → Albanian: odë
      • → Arabic:

        Egyptian Arabic: أوضة (ʔōḍa)

        North Levantine Arabic: أوضة (ʔūḍa)

        South Levantine Arabic: أوضة (ʔōḍa)

      • → Armenian: օտա (ōta), օ̈դա (öda)
      • → Bulgarian: одая́ (odajá)
      • → Crimean Tatar: oda
      • → Greek: οντάς (ontás)
      • Kurdish:

        → Northern Kurdish: ode

        → Central Kurdish: ھۆدە (hode)

      • → Macedonian: одаја (odaja)
      • → Romanian: odaie
        • → Hungarian: hodály
      • → Serbo-Croatian: òdaja / о̀даја
      • → Zazaki: ode, oda
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: اوتاغ (otağ) (affected by or borrowed from other Turkic branches)
    • Azerbaijani: otaq
      • → Classical Persian: اُتَاق (utāq), اُطَاق (utāq)
        • Tajik: утоқ (utoq)
        • → Urdu: اُتاق (utāq)
    • Ottoman Turkish: اوتاق (otaɣ), اوطاق (otak), اوتاغ (otağ)
      • Turkish: otağ
      • → Armenian: օթաղ (ōtʻaġ)
      • → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܲܘܬܵܓ݂ (awtāḡ)
      • → Georgian: ოთახი (otaxi)
      • → Romanian: otac
  • Turkmen: otag (affected by or borrowed from other Turkic branches)
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: اوتاغ (otaɣ), اوتاو (otaw)
    • Uzbek: oʻtov
    • Uyghur: ئوتاق (otaq)
• Kipchak:
  • Northern Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: утау (utaw)
  • Eastern Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: отоо (otoo)
    • Southern Altai: одо (odo) (Teleut)
  • Southern Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: otaw
    • Kazakh: отау (otau)
    • Nogai: отав (otav)
  • Western Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar:
    • Karachay-Balkar: отоу (otou)
    • Kumyk: отав (otaw)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (oda)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: отуу
    • Yakut: отуу (otuu)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: одағ
      • Tuvan: одаг (odag)
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: [script needed] (o)
      • Khakas:
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (otağ)

References

• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 366
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*otag-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “отағ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 484-487
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ватага”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress