Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zębnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From *zęb- +‎ *-nǫti.

Verb

*zębnǫti

1. to suffer from cold

Inflection

Conjugation of *zębnǫti, *zębe, *zębnetь (impf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zębenьje	*zębnǫti	*zębnǫtъ	*zęblъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*zębъ	*zębny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zęb(ox)ъ	*zębe	*zębe	*zębnǫ	*zębneši	*zębnetь
Dual	*zęb(ox)ově	*zęb(e/os)ta	*zęb(e/os)te	*zębnevě	*zębneta	*zębnete
Plural	*zęb(ox)omъ	*zęb(e/os)te	*zębǫ, *zębošę	*zębnemъ	*zębnete	*zębnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zębněaxъ	*zębněaše	*zębněaše	—	*zębni	*zębni
Dual	*zębněaxově	*zębněašeta	*zębněašete	*zębněvě	*zębněta	—
Plural	*zębněaxomъ	*zębněašete	*zębněaxǫ	*zębněmъ	*zębněte	—

Related terms

• *zęti (“to freeze?”)
• *znobiti
• *zǫbъ (“tooth”)

Derived terms

• *nazębnǫti, *nazęti
• *ozębnǫti, *ozęti
• *otъzębnǫti, *otъzęti, *otъzębati

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: зѧбнѫти (zębnǫti), зꙗбнути (zjabnuti)
    • Belarusian: зя́бнуць (zjábnucʹ)
    • Russian: зя́бнуть (zjábnutʹ), 1sg. зя́бну (zjábnu)
    • Ukrainian: зя́бнути (zjábnuty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: зѧбнѫти (zębnǫti)

    Glagolitic: ⰸⱔⰱⱀⱘⱅⰻ (zębnǫti)

  • Bulgarian: зе́бна (zébna) (obsolete)
  • Macedonian: ѕемне (dzemne)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: zábnout
  • Polish: ziębnąć
  • Slovak: ziabnuť

References

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “зя́бнуть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 332
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zęti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 543
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зя́бнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Cognate with Lithuanian žémbėti (“to germinate, to sprout”). Per Derksen, also cognate with Latin gemma (“bud, gem”) (whence English gem), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb-; however, Derksen notes that this root structure is impossible for a Proto-Indo-European root.

Verb

*zębnǫti

1. to germinate

Inflection

Conjugation of *zębnǫti, *zębe, *zębnetь (?, -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zębenьje	*zębnǫti	*zębnǫtъ	*zęblъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zębenъ	*zębnomъ
Active	*zębъ	*zębny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zęb(ox)ъ	*zębe	*zębe	*zębnǫ	*zębneši	*zębnetь
Dual	*zęb(ox)ově	*zęb(e/os)ta	*zęb(e/os)te	*zębnevě	*zębneta	*zębnete
Plural	*zęb(ox)omъ	*zęb(e/os)te	*zębǫ, *zębošę	*zębnemъ	*zębnete	*zębnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zębněaxъ	*zębněaše	*zębněaše	—	*zębni	*zębni
Dual	*zębněaxově	*zębněašeta	*zębněašete	*zębněvě	*zębněta	—
Plural	*zębněaxomъ	*zębněašete	*zębněaxǫ	*zębněmъ	*zębněte	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: зꙗбнꙋти (zjabnuti)
    • ⇒ Russian: прозя́бнуть (prozjábnutʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: прозѧбнѫти (prozębnǫti)

    Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⱁⰸⱔⰱⱀⱘⱅⰻ (prozębnǫti)

• West Slavic: —

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zębnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 543