Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krěslo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla, from an earlier *kréˀslan, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m

• Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla;
• Nikolaev: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krēˀslá (“arm-chair, chair”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m;
• ESSJa: From *kretslo, from *kret- +‎ *-slo, from Proto-Indo-European *kret-, variant of *kert- (“to spin, knit”);
• Vaillant: From *kres-, further etymology is unclear, not related to *kresati;
• Fraenkel: From *kres-/*kros- (“to braid/weave”);
• Machek: From *krěptlo, from *krěpъ or *krěpiti. But usually the suffix is used with verbs and it would be **krěpidlo.

Compare Lithuanian krė́slas (“arm-chair, chair”), Latvian krēsls/krę̂sls (“chair”), Old Prussian creslan (“chair”); also compare Lithuanian kràstis (verb), krãsė / krẽsė (“chair”), Latvian kreša, kreslis.

• Baltic words are cognates (Vasmer, Fraenkel, Vaillant, Derksen)
• Baltic words are borrowed (Brückner, ЭССЯ)

Could be related to *krosno (“loom, weaving frame”), the rectangular form of which is reminiscent of chairs.

Reconstruction

Per Nikolaev, the accent paradigm ⟨a⟩ from mobile accent is explained by the alignment of the accent curve by the nominative and accusative plural cases, in which Hirt's law occurred. The same alignment occurred in Lithuanian and Latvian. After that, certain doublets appeared in the Baltic dialects.

Noun

*krě̀slo n

1. arm-chair, chair

   Synonym: *stòlъ

Declension

Declension of *krě̀slo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krě̀slo	*krě̀slě	*krě̀sla
genitive	*krě̀sla	*krě̀slu	*krě̀slъ
dative	*krě̀slu	*krě̀sloma	*krě̀slomъ
accusative	*krě̀slo	*krě̀slě	*krě̀sla
instrumental	*krě̀slъmь, *krě̀slomь*	*krě̀sloma	*krě̀slȳ
locative	*krě̀slě	*krě̀slu	*krě̀slě̄xъ
vocative	*krě̀slo	*krě̀slě	*krě̀sla

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кресло (kreslo)
    • Belarusian: крэ́сла (krésla)
    • Russian: кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”)
    • Ukrainian: крі́сло (kríslo)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: křeslo
  • Old Polish: krzasło
    • Polish: krzesło
  • Slovak: kreslo, krieslo

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кре́сло”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kreslo/*krěslo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 126
• Olander, Thomas (2001) “krěslo, pl. krěsla”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (NA 137; SA 23; RPT 111)”