Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/govoriti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *govorъ +‎ *-iti, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gewH- + *-oriti. Cognate with Sanskrit जोगुवे (jóguve, “to call, to invoke”), Ancient Greek γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping”).

Verb

*govorìti impf (perfective *reťi)^[1]^[2]

to speak, to talk

Conjugation

Conjugation of *govoriti, *govori, *govoritь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*govořenьje	*govoriti	*govoritъ	*govorilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*govořenъ	*govorimъ
Active	*govořь	*govorę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*govorixъ	*govori	*govori	*govořǫ	*govoriši	*govoritь
Dual	*govorixově	*govorista	*govoriste	*govorivě	*govorita	*govorite
Plural	*govorixomъ	*govoriste	*govorišę	*govorimъ	*govorite	*govorętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*govořaaxъ	*govořaaše	*govořaaše	—	*govori	*govori
Dual	*govořaaxově	*govořaašeta	*govořaašete	*govorivě	*govorita	—
Plural	*govořaaxomъ	*govořaašete	*govořaaxǫ	*govorimъ	*govorite	—

(*)*govorivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: говорити (govoriti)
  - Belarusian: гавары́ць (havarýcʹ)
  - Russian: говори́ть (govorítʹ)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: говори́ти (hovorýty)
  - Ukrainian: говори́ти (hovorýty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: говорити (govoriti)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰳⱁⰲⱁⱃⰻⱅⰹ (govoriti)
- Bulgarian: гово́ря (govórja)
- Macedonian: говори (govori)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: гово̀рити
  
  Latin script: govòriti
- Slovene: govorīti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hovořiti
  - Czech: hovořit
- Old Polish: goworzyć
  - Polish: gaworzyć, gwarzyć
- Old Slovak: hovoriť, hvariť
  - Pannonian Rusyn: гвариц (hvaric)
  - Slovak: hovoriť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: howrić

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*govorìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 181: “v. ‘speak, talk’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “govoriti: govorjǫ govoritь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c tale (PR 139)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*govorìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 181: “v. ‘speak, talk’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “govoriti: govorjǫ govoritь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c tale (PR 139)”

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