Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/əpat

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : *əpat

Etymology

From earlier *həpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əpat/

Numeral

*əpat

1. four

Descendants

• Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *əpat
  • Central Maluku
    • East Central Maluku
      • Seram
        • Masiwang: fāt
        • Nunusaku
          • Piru Bay
            • East Piru Bay
              • Seram Straits
                • Ambon: *əpat
  • Central Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Sumba-Flores
      • Bima: upa
      • Ende-Manggarai
        • Central Flores
          • Ende-Li'o
            • Palu'e: pa
          • Rembong: pat
        • Manggarainese
          • Komodo: paʔ
          • Manggarai: pat
      • Flores-Lembata
        • Kedang-Lamaholot
          • Lamaholot: pat
      • Sumba
        • Savu
          • Sabu: epa
        • Sumba Island
          • Sumbanese
            • Kambera: patu
    • Timor-Babar
      • Nuclear Timor
        • West Timor
          • Roti
            • Bilba: ha
      • Southwest Maluku – Kisar
        • Southwest Maluku
          • Leti: wo-ata
  • Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *pat
    • Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *fat
      • South Halmahera
        • Buli
          • Buli (Indonesia): fat
    • Proto-Oceanic: *pat
      • Admiralty Islands
        • Western Admiralty Islands
          • Wuvulu-Aua: fa
      • Central-Eastern Oceanic
        • East Fijian
          • Fijian: va
        • Proto-Polynesian: *fa
          • Nuclear Polynesian
            • Ellicean – Eastern Polynesian
              • Anuta: pa
              • Ellicean
                • Kapingamarangi: haa
              • Tuvalu – Eastern Polynesian
                • Eastern Polynesian – Northern Outlier
                  • Eastern Polynesian
                    • Marquesic
                      • Hawaiian: hā
                      • South Marquesan: fa
                    • Rapa Nui: ha
                    • Tahitic
                      • Maori-Moriori
                        • Maori: whā
                      • Rarotongan: ā
          • Rennellese: haa
          • Samoan-Tokelauan
            • Samoan: fā
          • Tongic
            • Tongan: fā
      • Micronesian
        • Gilbertese: a
        • Nuclear Micronesian
          • Kosraean: ah-ŋ
          • Trukic
            • Ponapeic
              • Pohnpeian: pah
            • Ulithian-Woleaian
              • Woleaian: faa
      • Western Oceanic
        • Meso-Melanesian
          • Core Meso-Melanesian
            • Saint Matthias
              • Mussau-Emira: ata
        • North New Guinea
          • Ngero-Vitiaz
            • Huon Gulf
              • Numbami: wata / ata
        • Papuan Tip
          • Nuclear Papuan Tip
            • North Papuan Mainland – D'Entrecasteaux
              • Dobu-Duau
                • Dobu: ata
  • Kowiai: fat
  • Selaru
    • Selaru: at
  • Yamdena: fate / fat
• Western Malayo-Polynesian: *əpat
  • Barito
    • East Barito
      • Malagasy: éfatra
    • West Barito
      • Northwest Barito
        • Siang: opat
  • North Bornean
    • North Sarawakan: *əpat
      • Berawan-Kelabitic
        • Kelabitic
          • Kelabit: epat
      • Kayan-Murik
        • Kenyah
          • Bakung: pat
        • Modang-Kayan
          • Kayan
            • Kayan
              • Rejang Kayan: pat
      • Melanau-Bintulu
        • Bintulu: pat
        • Melanau
          • Central Melanau: pat
  • Proto-Philippine: *əpat
    • Greater Central Philippine
      • Central Philippine
        • Tagalog: apat
        • Visayan
          • Cebuan
            • Cebuano: upát
          • Central Visayan
            • Peripheral Visayan
              • Hiligaynon: apat
          • Western Visayan
            • Aklanon: ap-at
      • Gorontalo-Mongondow
        • Gorontalic
          • Gorontalo: opato
        • Mongondowic
          • Mongondow: opat
      • Mindanao
        • Danao
          • Maranao: pat
      • Palawanic
        • Kalamian
          • Calamian Tagbanwa: epat
        • Palawan
          • Palawan Batak: epat
    • Minahasan
      • North Minahasan
        • Tontemboan: epat
    • Northern Philippine
      • Northern Luzon
        • Ilocano: uppat
        • Northern Cordilleran
          • Cagayan Valley
            • Isnag: appát
            • Ibanag-Gaddang
              • Ibanagic
                • Itawit: appát
          • Casiguran Dumagat Agta: epát
        • South-Central Cordilleran
          • Central Cordilleran
            • Nuclear Cordilleran
              • Bontoc-Kankanay
                • Central Bontoc: epát
              • Ifugao
                • Tuwali Ifugao: opát
    • Sangiric: *əpat
      • Sangir: epaʔ
    • Southern Mindanao
      • Tboli: fat
      • Tiruray: efot
    • Southern Mindoro
      • Hanunoo: úpat
  • Sama-Bajaw
    • Bajaw
      • West Coast Bajau: empat
  • Celebic
    • Southeast Celebic
      • Kaili-Pamona
        • Northern Kaili-Pamona
          • Pamona
            • Pamona: opo
        • Southern Kaili-Pamona
          • Uma: opoʔ
      • Muna-Buton
        • Muna-Buton Nuklear
          • Munan
            • Munic
              • Western Munic
                • Muna: paa
        • Wotu-Wolio
          • Wolio-Kamaru
            • Wolio: apa
  • Old Javanese: pat
    • Javanese: papat / pat
  • Proto-Lampungic: *paʔ
  • Malayo-Sumbawan
    • Madurese: empak
    • Malayo-Chamic
      • Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa
        • Balinese: empat / patpat
        • Sasak-Sumbawa
          • Sasak: empat
      • Proto-Malayic: *əmpat
        • Banjarese: ampat
        • Brunei Malay: ampat
        • Iban: empat
        • Malay: empat
          • Indonesian: empat
        • Minangkabau: ampek
        • Urak Lawoi': ปัจ (pac)
    • Sundanese: opat
  • Northwest Sumatran
    • Batak
      • Northern Batak
        • Karo Batak: empat
      • Southern Batak
        • Toba Batak: opat
    • Northern Barrier
      • Nias-Sikule
        • Nias: õfa
      • Simeulue: at
  • South Sulawesi
    • Bugis
      • Tamanic
        • Embaloh: ampat
    • Makassar
      • Makasar: appaʔ
    • Northern South Sulawesi
      • Mandar: appeʔ

External links

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *əpat