Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sweh₂d-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*sweh₂d- (perfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

sweet
tasty?

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sweh₂d- (13 c, 0 e)

*swéh₂d-t ~ *suh₂d-ént (root aorist)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: εὔαδε (eúade), ἅδε (háde)
*swéh₂d-e-tor (thematic present)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwā́domai
  - Ancient Greek: ἥδομαι (hḗdomai)
    Boeotian Greek: ϝᾱ̔́δομαι (whā́domai)
    
    Doric Greek: ᾱ̔́δομαι (hā́domai)
    
    Aeolic Greek: ᾱ̓́δομαι (ā́domai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swáHdatay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swáHdatay
    - Sanskrit: स्वादते (svā́date) (once), स्वदते (svádate) (more often)
*swe-swóh₂d-e ~ *swe-suh₂d-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἑᾱδότᾰ (heādótă)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sušúHda
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suṣúHda
    - Sanskrit: सुषूदिम (suṣū́dima)
*suh₂-né-d-ti ~ *suh₂-n̥-d-énti (nasal-infix present)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἁνδᾰ́νω (handắnō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suHádanti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suHádanti
    - Sanskrit: स्वदन्ति (svádanti), सुवदन्ति (suvádanti)
*suh₂d-éye-ti (zero-grade causative)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suHdáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suHdáyati
    - Sanskrit: सूदयति (sūdáyati)
- Italic:
  - ⇒ Latin: suādeō
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: sū́dyti
*swéh₂d-mn̥ ~ *suh₂d-mén-^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swáHdma
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swáHdma
    - Sanskrit: स्वाद्मन् (svā́dman)
    - Sanskrit: स्वादिमन् (svādiman)
*sweh₂d-mō^[3]
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Old Frisian: swētma
  - Old Swedish: søtme
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swaHdmā́
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swaHdmā́
    - Sanskrit: स्वाद्मन् (svādmán)
  - Proto-Iranian: *hwaHdmā́
    - Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬛𐬆𐬨𐬀 (hudəma)
*swéh₂d-os ~ *swéh₂d-es-^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwā́dos
  - Ancient Greek: ἦδος (êdos)
    Doric Greek: ἇδος (hâdos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swáHdas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swáHdas
    - Sanskrit: स्वाद (svāda)
    - Sanskrit: प्रस्वादस् (prásvādas)
*swéh₂d-u-s^[3]
*swéh₂d-yōs^[3]
*swéh₂d-isth₂o-s^[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *swōtistaz
  - Old High German: swozisto
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwā́distos
  - Ancient Greek: ἥδῐστος (hḗdĭstos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swáHdištʰas (see there for further descendants)
*sw(e)h₂d-ro-s^[3]^[7]
- Proto-Tocharian: *swāre
  - Tocharian A: swār
  - Tocharian B: swāre
*sweh₂d-tó-s^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swaHtˢtás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swaHttás
    - Sanskrit: स्वात्त (svāttá)
  - Proto-Iranian: *xwaHctáh
    - Avestan: 𐬓𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬀 (xᵛāsta)
- Proto-Italic: *swāssos
  - Latin: suāsus

Unsorted formations
- Proto-Albanian: *sūadja
  - Albanian: shije
- Sanskrit: स्वादन (svā́dana)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “su̯ād-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1039-1040
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯eh₂d-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 606-607
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*su̯eh₂d-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 670-672
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “suāvis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἥδομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-510
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἁνδάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-100
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “swāre”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “su̯ād-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1039-1040

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯eh₂d-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 606-607

[LIN-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*su̯eh₂d-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 670-672

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “suāvis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἥδομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-510

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἁνδάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-100

[Adams-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “swāre”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

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