Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/éti

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Alternative reconstructions

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Etymology

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From *h₁é. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) De Vaan proposes an old locative singular of *h₁et-,[2][3] reflected in Sanskrit अत् (at, “to go”), as he explains “Originally used to add something to a previous utterance, or to indicate the sequence of different actions”. Beekes and Derksen give the same etymology provided by De Vaan.[4][5] Ringe, however, reconstructs it as *éti.[6]

Adverb

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*éti[7]

  1. beyond
  2. over
  3. and

Descendants

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  • Armenian:
    • (?) Old Armenian: -է (-ē)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ati (from *h₁óti, unless from *h₂éti)
    • Lithuanian: at- (“back, away”)
    • Latvian: at- (“back away”)
    • Old Prussian: et-, at-
    • Proto-Slavic: *otъ, *i (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *ati-
  • Proto-Germanic: *idi, *idi- (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἔτι (éti, “yet”)
    • Ancient Greek: ἀτάρ (atár, “but”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *áti
  • Proto-Italic: *et
    • Latin: et (“and”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *āté[8]
    • Tocharian B: ate
  • Tocharian:

References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “et”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195
  3. ^ Schrijver, Peter (1991) The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Latin, in Leiden Studies in Indo-European, Volume: 2, page 36
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔτῐ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476
  5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “at”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 65-66
  6. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 104
  7. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[3], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  8. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ate”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 10
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