ἔτι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἔτ’ (ét’) — apocopic before smooth breathing
ἔθ’ (éth’) — apocopic before rough breathing

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognates include Latin et, Sanskrit अति (ati) and Old Church Slavonic отъ (otŭ).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.ti/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti/

Adverb

ἔτῐ • (étĭ)

(of time) yet, still
1. (of the present)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.254
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.222
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 623
  - Anth. P. 9.567
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.455
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.77
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 215D
  - 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 708, (compare Agamemnon 818)
2. (of the past, mostly with imperfect)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.493
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 430
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 310C
  - 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 93A
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.111
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.45
3. (of the future)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.96
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.305
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.230
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 908
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 66
4. (with a negative) no more, no longer
(of degree) yet, still, besides, further, moreover
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.325
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 156
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.623
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 218
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 114
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1339
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 720
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 279A
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.80
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.6.13
- 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 239D
1. (often to strengthen a comparative)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.97
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.22
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 10.88
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.6
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.80
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 987
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 272
2. (with the positive)
  - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 184B
  - 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 242D
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.5.9
  - 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 53
  - 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 462
  - 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 864

Derived terms

μηκέτι (mēkéti)
οὐκέτι (oukéti)

“ἔτι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἔτι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἔτι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἔτι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἔτι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἔτι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2089 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- addition idem, page 11.
- besides idem, page 75.
- extra idem, page 297.
- further idem, page 350.
- long idem, page 498.
- more idem, page 541.
- moreover idem, page 541.
- still idem, page 817.
- too idem, page 880.
- well idem, page 973.
- yet idem, page 996.

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Derived terms

Further reading