Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrībaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wreyp- / *wrīp-, from a labial extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to turn”), whence Ancient Greek ῥίπτω (rhíptō, “to throw, cast”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwri.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wrībaną

1. (West Germanic) to rub
2. (West Germanic) to wipe

Inflection

Conjugation of *wrībaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wrībō	*wrībaų	—	*wrībai	?
2nd singular	*wrībizi	*wrībaiz	*wrīb	*wrībazai	*wrībaizau
3rd singular	*wrībidi	*wrībai	*wrībadau	*wrībadai	*wrībaidau
1st dual	*wrībōz	*wrībaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wrībadiz	*wrībaidiz	*wrībadiz	—	—
1st plural	*wrībamaz	*wrībaim	—	*wrībandai	*wrībaindau
2nd plural	*wrībid	*wrībaid	*wrībid	*wrībandai	*wrībaindau
3rd plural	*wrībandi	*wrībain	*wrībandau	*wrībandai	*wrībaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wraib	*wribį̄
2nd singular	*wraift	*wribīz
3rd singular	*wraib	*wribī
1st dual	*wribū	*wribīw
2nd dual	*wribudiz	*wribīdiz
1st plural	*wribum	*wribīm
2nd plural	*wribud	*wribīd
3rd plural	*wribun	*wribīn
	present	past
participles	*wrībandz	*wribanaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wrīban
  • Old Frisian: *wrīva
    • Saterland Frisian: wrieuwe
    • West Frisian: wriuwe
  • Old Saxon: wrīvan
    • Middle Low German: wrîven, rîven
      • Dutch Low Saxon:

        Twents: frieuwen

      • German Low German:

        Altmärkisch: riwen

        East Frisian: rieven

        Mecklenburgisch, Pommerellisch, Northern Low Saxon (Bremisch): wriwen

        Schleswig-Holsteinisch: wriewen

        Westphalian:

        Bentheimisch, Dortmundisch, East Westphalian (Lippe), Westmünsterländisch: riewen

        Bentheimisch, Dortmundisch, Westmünsterländisch: friewen

        Sauerländisch: reywen, reyben (Brilon, Wenden), rǖben (Niedersfeld), rīen (Finnentrop, Attendorn, Kirchhundem, Olpe), ruiwen (Meschede)

        East Westphalian: rüiwen (Lippe), wruiben (Ravensberg), rieben (Wedemark)

        Westmünsterländisch: frieben

  • Old Dutch: *wrīvan
    • Middle Dutch: wrîven
      • Dutch: wrijven
        • Afrikaans: vryf, vrywe
      • Limburgish: wrieve
  • Old High German: rīban, *rīvan, *wrīvan
    • Middle High German: rīben
      • Alemannic German: riibe
      • Central Franconian: rieve, frieve, reive
        • Hunsrik: reive
        • Luxembourgish: reiwen
      • German: reiben
  • → Old French: riper
    • Middle French: riper, ripper
      • French: riper

References

• “reiben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache