ῥίπτω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ῥῑπτέω (rhīptéō)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *wreyp-, *wriHp- and compared with Proto-West Germanic *wrīban (“to rub, wipe”);^[1] however, Beekes notes a non-trivial semantic gap between the Hellenic and Germanic terms, as well as the Indo-European proto-form *wriHp- having a rather strange structure, and prefers to derive the Greek word from Pre-Greek. Possibly connected to ῥίψ (rhíps, “mat, wickerwork”).^[2]

The present tense system includes a T progressive aspect marker.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥ǐːp.tɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈrip.to/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈrip.to/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈrip.to/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈrip.to/

Verb

ῥῑ́πτω • (rhī́ptō)

(transitive) to throw, cast, hurl
(transitive) to throw or toss around
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Diseases of Women 1.2
(transitive) to throw out of a place
(transitive) to cast or throw off or away (arms, clothes, and so on)
(figuratively, transitive) to hurl (words); to waste them
(transitive) to throw down

Conjugation

Present: ῥῑ́πτω, ῥῑ́πτομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῥῑ́πτω	ῥῑ́πτεις	ῥῑ́πτει	ῥῑ́πτετον	ῥῑ́πτετον	ῥῑ́πτομεν	ῥῑ́πτετε	ῥῑ́πτουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῥῑ́πτω	ῥῑ́πτῃς	ῥῑ́πτῃ	ῥῑ́πτητον	ῥῑ́πτητον	ῥῑ́πτωμεν	ῥῑ́πτητε	ῥῑ́πτωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῥῑ́πτοιμῐ	ῥῑ́πτοις	ῥῑ́πτοι	ῥῑ́πτοιτον	ῥῑπτοίτην	ῥῑ́πτοιμεν	ῥῑ́πτοιτε	ῥῑ́πτοιεν
	imperative		ῥῖπτε	ῥῑπτέτω	ῥῑ́πτετον	ῥῑπτέτων		ῥῑ́πτετε	ῥῑπτόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ῥῑ́πτομαι	ῥῑ́πτῃ, ῥῑ́πτει	ῥῑ́πτεται	ῥῑ́πτεσθον	ῥῑ́πτεσθον	ῥῑπτόμεθᾰ	ῥῑ́πτεσθε	ῥῑ́πτονται
	subjunctive	ῥῑ́πτωμαι	ῥῑ́πτῃ	ῥῑ́πτηται	ῥῑ́πτησθον	ῥῑ́πτησθον	ῥῑπτώμεθᾰ	ῥῑ́πτησθε	ῥῑ́πτωνται
	optative	ῥῑπτοίμην	ῥῑ́πτοιο	ῥῑ́πτοιτο	ῥῑ́πτοισθον	ῥῑπτοίσθην	ῥῑπτοίμεθᾰ	ῥῑ́πτοισθε	ῥῑ́πτοιντο
	imperative		ῥῑ́πτου	ῥῑπτέσθω	ῥῑ́πτεσθον	ῥῑπτέσθων		ῥῑ́πτεσθε	ῥῑπτέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ῥῑ́πτειν				ῥῑ́πτεσθαι
participle	m	ῥῑ́πτων				ῥῑπτόμενος
	f	ῥῑ́πτουσᾰ				ῥῑπτομένη
	n	ῥῖπτον				ῥῑπτόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῥῑ́πτασκον (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῥῑ́πτασκον	ῥῑ́πτασκες	ῥῑ́πτασκε(ν)	ῥῑπτάσκετον	ῥῑπτασκέτην	ῥῑπτάσκομεν	ῥῑπτάσκετε	ῥῑ́πτασκον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῥῑ́πτεσκον (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῥῑ́πτεσκον	ῥῑ́πτεσκες	ῥῑ́πτεσκε(ν)	ῥῑπτέσκετον	ῥῑπτεσκέτην	ῥῑπτέσκομεν	ῥῑπτέσκετε	ῥῑ́πτεσκον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῥῑ́ψω, ῥῑφθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῥῑ́ψω	ῥῑ́ψεις	ῥῑ́ψει	ῥῑ́ψετον	ῥῑ́ψετον	ῥῑ́ψομεν	ῥῑ́ψετε	ῥῑ́ψουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ῥῑ́ψοιμῐ	ῥῑ́ψοις	ῥῑ́ψοι	ῥῑ́ψοιτον	ῥῑψοίτην	ῥῑ́ψοιμεν	ῥῑ́ψοιτε	ῥῑ́ψοιεν
passive	indicative	ῥῑφθήσομαι	ῥῑφθήσῃ	ῥῑφθήσεται	ῥῑφθήσεσθον	ῥῑφθήσεσθον	ῥῑφθησόμεθᾰ	ῥῑφθήσεσθε	ῥῑφθήσονται
passive	optative	ῥῑφθησοίμην	ῥῑφθήσοιο	ῥῑφθήσοιτο	ῥῑφθήσοισθον	ῥῑφθησοίσθην	ῥῑφθησοίμεθᾰ	ῥῑφθήσοισθε	ῥῑφθήσοιντο
		active					passive
infinitive		ῥῑ́ψειν					ῥῑφθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ῥῑ́ψων					ῥῑφθησόμενος
	f	ῥῑ́ψουσᾰ					ῥῑφθησομένη
	n	ῥῖψον					ῥῑφθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῥῐφήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῥῐφήσομαι	ῥῐφήσῃ, ῥῐφήσει	ῥῐφήσεται	ῥῐφήσεσθον	ῥῐφήσεσθον	ῥῐφησόμεθᾰ	ῥῐφήσεσθε	ῥῐφήσονται
middle	optative	ῥῐφησοίμην	ῥῐφήσοιο	ῥῐφήσοιτο	ῥῐφήσοισθον	ῥῐφησοίσθην	ῥῐφησοίμεθᾰ	ῥῐφήσοισθε	ῥῐφήσοιντο
					middle
infinitive					ῥῐφήσεσθαι
participle	m				ῥῐφησόμενος
	f				ῥῐφησομένη
	n				ῥῐφησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔρρῑψᾰ, ἐρρῑψᾰ́μην, ἐρρῑ́φθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔρρῑψᾰ	ἔρρῑψᾰς	ἔρρῑψε(ν)	ἐρρῑ́ψᾰτον	ἐρρῑψᾰ́την	ἐρρῑ́ψᾰμεν	ἐρρῑ́ψᾰτε	ἔρρῑψᾰν
	subjunctive	ῥῑ́ψω	ῥῑ́ψῃς	ῥῑ́ψῃ	ῥῑ́ψητον	ῥῑ́ψητον	ῥῑ́ψωμεν	ῥῑ́ψητε	ῥῑ́ψωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῥῑ́ψαιμῐ	ῥῑ́ψειᾰς, ῥῑ́ψαις	ῥῑ́ψειε(ν), ῥῑ́ψαι	ῥῑ́ψαιτον	ῥῑψαίτην	ῥῑ́ψαιμεν	ῥῑ́ψαιτε	ῥῑ́ψειᾰν, ῥῑ́ψαιεν
	imperative		ῥῖψον	ῥῑψᾰ́τω	ῥῑ́ψᾰτον	ῥῑψᾰ́των		ῥῑ́ψᾰτε	ῥῑψᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐρρῑψᾰ́μην	ἐρρῑ́ψω	ἐρρῑ́ψᾰτο	ἐρρῑ́ψᾰσθον	ἐρρῑψᾰ́σθην	ἐρρῑψᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐρρῑ́ψᾰσθε	ἐρρῑ́ψᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῥῑ́ψωμαι	ῥῑ́ψῃ	ῥῑ́ψηται	ῥῑ́ψησθον	ῥῑ́ψησθον	ῥῑψώμεθᾰ	ῥῑ́ψησθε	ῥῑ́ψωνται
	optative	ῥῑψαίμην	ῥῑ́ψαιο	ῥῑ́ψαιτο	ῥῑ́ψαισθον	ῥῑψαίσθην	ῥῑψαίμεθᾰ	ῥῑ́ψαισθε	ῥῑ́ψαιντο
	imperative		ῥῖψαι	ῥῑψᾰ́σθω	ῥῑ́ψᾰσθον	ῥῑψᾰ́σθων		ῥῑ́ψᾰσθε	ῥῑψᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐρρῑ́φθην	ἐρρῑ́φθης	ἐρρῑ́φθη	ἐρρῑ́φθητον	ἐρρῑφθήτην	ἐρρῑ́φθημεν	ἐρρῑ́φθητε	ἐρρῑ́φθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ῥῑφθῶ	ῥῑφθῇς	ῥῑφθῇ	ῥῑφθῆτον	ῥῑφθῆτον	ῥῑφθῶμεν	ῥῑφθῆτε	ῥῑφθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῥῑφθείην	ῥῑφθείης	ῥῑφθείη	ῥῑφθεῖτον, ῥῑφθείητον	ῥῑφθείτην, ῥῑφθειήτην	ῥῑφθεῖμεν, ῥῑφθείημεν	ῥῑφθεῖτε, ῥῑφθείητε	ῥῑφθεῖεν, ῥῑφθείησᾰν
	imperative		ῥῑ́φθητῐ	ῥῑφθήτω	ῥῑ́φθητον	ῥῑφθήτων		ῥῑ́φθητε	ῥῑφθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ῥῖψαι			ῥῑ́ψᾰσθαι		ῥῑφθῆναι
participle	m	ῥῑ́ψᾱς			ῥῑψᾰ́μενος		ῥῑφθείς
	f	ῥῑ́ψᾱσᾰ			ῥῑψᾰμένη		ῥῑφθεῖσᾰ
	n	ῥῖψᾰν			ῥῑψᾰ́μενον		ῥῑφθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐρρῐ́φην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
passive	indicative	ἐρρῐ́φην	ἐρρῐ́φης	ἐρρῐ́φη	ἐρρῐ́φητον	ἐρρῐφήτην	ἐρρῐ́φημεν	ἐρρῐ́φητε	ἐρρῐ́φησᾰν
	subjunctive	ῥῐφῶ	ῥῐφῇς	ῥῐφῇ	ῥῐφῆτον	ῥῐφῆτον	ῥῐφῶμεν	ῥῐφῆτε	ῥῐφῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῥῐφείην	ῥῐφείης	ῥῐφείη	ῥῐφεῖτον, ῥῐφείητον	ῥῐφείτην, ῥῐφειήτην	ῥῐφεῖμεν, ῥῐφείημεν	ῥῐφεῖτε, ῥῐφείητε	ῥῐφεῖεν, ῥῐφείησᾰν
	imperative		ῥῐ́φηθῐ	ῥῐφήτω	ῥῐ́φητον	ῥῐφήτων		ῥῐ́φητε	ῥῐφέντων
							passive
infinitive							ῥῐφῆναι
participle	m						ῥῐφείς
	f						ῥῐφεῖσᾰ
	n						ῥῐφέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ῥῖψᾰ (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῥῖψᾰ	ῥῖψᾰς	ῥῖψε(ν)	ῥῑ́ψᾰτον	ῥῑψᾰ́την	ῥῑ́ψᾰμεν	ῥῑ́ψᾰτε	ῥῖψᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ἔρρῑφᾰ, ἔρρῑμμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔρρῑφᾰ	ἔρρῑφᾰς	ἔρρῑφε(ν)	ἐρρῑ́φᾰτον	ἐρρῑ́φᾰτον	ἐρρῑ́φᾰμεν	ἐρρῑ́φᾰτε	ἐρρῑ́φᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρρῑ́φω	ἐρρῑ́φῃς	ἐρρῑ́φῃ	ἐρρῑ́φητον	ἐρρῑ́φητον	ἐρρῑ́φωμεν	ἐρρῑ́φητε	ἐρρῑ́φωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρρῑ́φοιμῐ, ἐρρῑφοίην	ἐρρῑ́φοις, ἐρρῑφοίης	ἐρρῑ́φοι, ἐρρῑφοίη	ἐρρῑ́φοιτον	ἐρρῑφοίτην	ἐρρῑ́φοιμεν	ἐρρῑ́φοιτε	ἐρρῑ́φοιεν
	imperative		ἔρρῑφε	ἐρρῑφέτω	ἐρρῑ́φετον	ἐρρῑφέτων		ἐρρῑ́φετε	ἐρρῑφόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἔρρῑμμαι	ἔρρῑψαι	ἔρρῑπται	ἔρρῑφθον	ἔρρῑφθον	ἐρρῑ́μμεθᾰ	ἔρρῑφθε	ἐρρῑ́πᾰται
	subjunctive	ἐρρῑμμένος ὦ	ἐρρῑμμένος ᾖς	ἐρρῑμμένος ᾖ	ἐρρῑμμένω ἦτον	ἐρρῑμμένω ἦτον	ἐρρῑμμένοι ὦμεν	ἐρρῑμμένοι ἦτε	ἐρρῑμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρρῑμμένος εἴην	ἐρρῑμμένος εἴης	ἐρρῑμμένος εἴη	ἐρρῑμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἐρρῑμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἐρρῑμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἐρρῑμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἐρρῑμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἔρρῑψο	ἐρρῑ́φθω	ἔρρῑφθον	ἐρρῑ́φθων		ἔρρῑφθε	ἐρρῑ́φθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρρῑφέναι				ἐρρῖφθαι
participle	m	ἐρρῑφώς				ἐρρῑμμένος
	f	ἐρρῑφυῖᾰ				ἐρρῑμμένη
	n	ἐρρῑφός				ἐρρῑμμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐρρῑ́μμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρρῑ́μμην	ἔρρῑψο	ἔρρῑπτο	ἔρρῑφθον	ἐρρῑ́φθην	ἐρρῑ́μμεθᾰ	ἔρρῑφθε	ἐρρῑ́πᾰτο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms

(throw): βάλλω (bállō)
(throw or toss around): ῥιπτάζω (rhiptázō)

Derived terms

ἀναρρίπτω (anarrhíptō)

Related terms

ῥῖμμᾰ (rhîmma)
ῥῑπή (rhīpḗ)
ῥῖπος (rhîpos)
ῥιπτάζω (rhiptázō)
ῥίψ (rhíps)
ῥῖψῐς (rhîpsis)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1159
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥίπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1287-8