Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tūmōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *tumōną, *tumbōną

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly related to Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati, “to flee, run”), Ancient Greek θύω (thúō, “I rage, storm, rush in”), Latin furō (“I rage”), suggesting a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *dʰewH- (“shake, roar”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtuː.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tūmōną

1. to rotate; spin; revolve

Inflection

Conjugation of *tūmōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tūmō	*tūmǭ	—	*tūmōi	?
2nd singular	*tūmōsi	*tūmōs	*tūmō	*tūmōsai	*tūmōsau
3rd singular	*tūmōþi	*tūmō	*tūmōþau	*tūmōþai	*tūmōþau
1st dual	*tūmōs	*tūmōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*tūmōþiz	*tūmōþiz	*tūmōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*tūmōmaz	*tūmōm	—	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau
2nd plural	*tūmōþ	*tūmōþ	*tūmōþ	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau
3rd plural	*tūmōnþi	*tūmōn	*tūmōnþau	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tūmōdǭ	*tūmōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*tūmōdēz	*tūmōdēdīz
3rd singular	*tūmōdē	*tūmōdēdī
1st dual	*tūmōdēdū	*tūmōdēdīw
2nd dual	*tūmōdēdudiz	*tūmōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*tūmōdēdum	*tūmōdēdīm
2nd plural	*tūmōdēdud	*tūmōdēdīd
3rd plural	*tūmōdēdun	*tūmōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*tūmōndz	*tūmōdaz

Derived terms

• *tūmlōną

Descendants

• Old English: tumbian
  • Middle English: tumben, tomben, toumbe (conflated with Old French tumber)
    • English: tumb
    • ⇒ Middle English: tumblen
      • English: tumble
      • Scots: tummyll, tumbill, tummle
• Old Frisian: *tumbia
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: *tūmlia
    • Saterland Frisian: tuumelje
• Old Saxon: *tūmōn
  • ⇒ Old Saxon: *tūmilōn
    • Middle Low German: tumelen, tummelen
      • German Low German: dummeln
• Old Dutch: *tūmon
  • Middle Dutch: tumen
    • ⇒ Middle Dutch: tumelen
      • Dutch: tuimelen
        • Afrikaans: tuimel
• →? Vulgar Latin: *tumbāre (possibly also from Old Norse, or a native onomatopoeia)
  • Eastern Romance:
    • Aromanian: tumbã
    • Romanian: tumbă
  • Italian: tomare, *tombare
  • Old French: tumber, tumer, tomber
    • Middle French: tomber, tumber
      • French: tomber, tumer (dialectal)
  • Old Occitan:
    • Catalan: tombar
    • Occitan: tumber, tomber
  • West Iberian:
    • Portuguese: tombar
    • Spanish: tumbar
• >? Old High German: tūmōn
  • Middle High German: tumen
  • ⇒ Old High German: tūmalōn, tūmilōn, tumelen
    • Middle High German: tūmeln, tumeln
      • German: taumeln, tummeln
      • Luxembourgish: tommelen
• Old Norse: tumba
  • Icelandic: tumba