Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sagjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₁-yé-, from a derivative of *sekʷ- (“to say”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sagjaną

1. to say

Inflection

Conjugation of *sagjaną (weak class 3 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sagjō	*sagjaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*sagaisi	*sagjais	*sagai	—	—
3rd singular	*sagaiþi	*sagjai	*sagjaþau	—	—
1st dual	*sagjōs	*sagjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sagjaþiz	*sagjaiþiz	*sagjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*sagjamaz	*sagjaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*sagaiþ	*sagjaiþ	*sagaiþ	—	—
3rd plural	*sagjanþi	*sagjain	*sagjanþau	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sagdǭ	*sagdēdį̄
2nd singular	*sagdēz	*sagdēdīz
3rd singular	*sagdē	*sagdēdī
1st dual	*sagdēdū	*sagdēdīw
2nd dual	*sagdēdudiz	*sagdēdīdiz
1st plural	*sagdēdum	*sagdēdīm
2nd plural	*sagdēdud	*sagdēdīd
3rd plural	*sagdēdun	*sagdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*sagjandz	*sagdaz

Derived terms

• *furaisagjaną
• *sagīniz
• *sanþasagulaz

Synonyms

• *kweþaną

Antonyms

• *þagjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *saggjan
  • Old English: seċġan
    • Middle English: seggen, seyen, sayen
      • Scots: say, sa
      • English: say
  • Old Frisian: sedza, sidza
    • North Frisian: seja, siie
    • West Frisian: sizze
  • Old Saxon: seggian
    • Middle Low German: seggen
      • Low German: seggen
  • Old Dutch: seggen
    • Middle Dutch: seggen
      • Dutch: zeggen
        • Afrikaans: sê
        • Javindo: seg, seggen, sèè
        • Jersey Dutch: sääxxe
        • Petjo: sehhen
      • Limburgish: zègke
  • Old High German: sagen
    • Middle High German: sagen
      • Alemannic German: säge
        • Alsatian: soeje (near Fränkisch areas, in Northern Alsace), sawe (Central), sàge (South)
        • Swabian:
          • Sathmar Swabian: sage
        • Walser: sägä, séege, ŝchegi, ŝchége
      • Bavarian: sogn, sågn, song (phonetic spelling), soon (Timau), sång
      • Central Franconian: sage
      • German: sagen
      • Luxembourgish: soen
      • Vilamovian: ziön
      • Yiddish: זאָגן (zogn)
• Old Norse: segja
  • Icelandic: segja
  • Faroese: siga
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: seia, segja
  • Jamtish: segi
  • Elfdalian: saja
  • Old Swedish: sæghia, sighia
    • Swedish: säga
  • Old Danish: sæghiæ, sighæ
    • Danish: sige
      • Norwegian Bokmål: si
    • Scanian: siğa, sæğa
  • Old Gutnish: segia
    • Gutnish: säge