Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kweþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“to say, speak”). Cognate with Old Armenian կոչեմ (kočʻem, “to call, invite”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʷe.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kweþaną

1. to say

Inflection

Conjugation of *kweþaną (strong class 5)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kweþō	*kweþaų	—	*kweþai	?
2nd singular	*kwiþizi	*kweþaiz	*kweþ	*kweþazai	*kweþaizau
3rd singular	*kwiþidi	*kweþai	*kweþadau	*kweþadai	*kweþaidau
1st dual	*kweþōz	*kweþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kweþadiz	*kweþaidiz	*kweþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kweþamaz	*kweþaim	—	*kweþandai	*kweþaindau
2nd plural	*kwiþid	*kweþaid	*kwiþid	*kweþandai	*kweþaindau
3rd plural	*kweþandi	*kweþain	*kweþandau	*kweþandai	*kweþaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwaþ	*kwēdį̄
2nd singular	*kwast	*kwēdīz
3rd singular	*kwaþ	*kwēdī
1st dual	*kwēdū	*kwēdīw
2nd dual	*kwēdudiz	*kwēdīdiz
1st plural	*kwēdum	*kwēdīm
2nd plural	*kwēdud	*kwēdīd
3rd plural	*kwēdun	*kwēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kweþandz	*kwedanaz

Derived terms

• *frakweþaną
• *kwadjaną
• *kwedulaz
• *kwēdiz
• *kwēþiją
• *kwidiz
• *kwissiz

Synonyms

• *sagjaną

Antonyms

• *þagjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kweþan
  • Old English: cweþan, cweðan — edh spelling, cwoða — Northumbrian
    • Middle English: quethen, cwethen, cweþen, cweðen, queðen, qwethyn, qweþe, queþen, quethe, queþe, queden, cwæthen
      • English: quethe (obsolete except in past tense quoth)
      • Scots: quethe (noun)
      • Yola: co, quo
  • Old Frisian: quetha
    • Saterland Frisian: kwede
  • Old Saxon: quethan, queþan, queðan
    • Middle Low German: queden
  • Old Dutch: quethan
  • Old High German: quedan
    • Middle High German: quëden
      • Cimbrian: khödan
• Old Norse: kveða
  • Icelandic: kveða
  • Faroese: kvøða
  • Norwegian: kveda, kvede
  • Old Swedish: kvæþa
    • Swedish: kväda
  • Danish: kvæde
• Gothic: 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (qiþan)