Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kleubaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkleu̯.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kleubaną

1. to split, to cleave

Inflection

Conjugation of *kleubaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kleubō	*kleubaų	—	*kleubai	?
2nd singular	*kliubizi	*kleubaiz	*kleub	*kleubazai	*kleubaizau
3rd singular	*kliubidi	*kleubai	*kleubadau	*kleubadai	*kleubaidau
1st dual	*kleubōz	*kleubaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kleubadiz	*kleubaidiz	*kleubadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kleubamaz	*kleubaim	—	*kleubandai	*kleubaindau
2nd plural	*kliubid	*kleubaid	*kliubid	*kleubandai	*kleubaindau
3rd plural	*kleubandi	*kleubain	*kleubandau	*kleubandai	*kleubaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klaub	*klubį̄
2nd singular	*klauft	*klubīz
3rd singular	*klaub	*klubī
1st dual	*klubū	*klubīw
2nd dual	*klubudiz	*klubīdiz
1st plural	*klubum	*klubīm
2nd plural	*klubud	*klubīd
3rd plural	*klubun	*klubīn
	present	past
participles	*kleubandz	*klubanaz

Derived terms

• *klaubijaną
• *klaubiz
• *klebô (possibly)
• *klubô
• *kluftiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kleuban
  • Old English: clēofan
    • Middle English: cleven
      • English: cleave
      • Scots: cleave
  • Old Saxon: kliovan
    • Middle Low German: klûven (with alternative present-tense vowel)
      • Low German: klöven
  • Old Dutch: *clievan
    • Middle Dutch: clieven
      • Dutch: klieven
      • Limburgish: kleive
  • Old High German: klioban
    • Middle High German: klieben
      • Cimbrian: khliipan
      • German: klieben
• Old Norse: kljúfa
  • Icelandic: kljúfa
  • Faroese: klúgva
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kljuva, kluva, kløyva; (dialectal) kljuga, kluba
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: kløyve
  • Elfdalian: kliuova
  • Old Swedish: klȳva
    • Swedish: klyva
  • Old Danish: klȳuæ
    • Scanian: kløva
    • Danish: kløve
      • Norwegian Bokmål: kløve
  • Old Gutnish: kliaufa
    • Gutnish: klaue