Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bīdaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbiː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bīdaną^[1]^[2]

to wait
(+genitive) to wait for, to await

Inflection

Conjugation of *bīdaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bīdō	*bīdaų	—	*bīdai	?
2nd singular	*bīdizi	*bīdaiz	*bīd	*bīdazai	*bīdaizau
3rd singular	*bīdidi	*bīdai	*bīdadau	*bīdadai	*bīdaidau
1st dual	*bīdōz	*bīdaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bīdadiz	*bīdaidiz	*bīdadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bīdamaz	*bīdaim	—	*bīdandai	*bīdaindau
2nd plural	*bīdid	*bīdaid	*bīdid	*bīdandai	*bīdaindau
3rd plural	*bīdandi	*bīdain	*bīdandau	*bīdandai	*bīdaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*baid	*bidį̄
2nd singular	*baist	*bidīz
3rd singular	*baid	*bidī
1st dual	*bidū	*bidīw
2nd dual	*bidudiz	*bidīdiz
1st plural	*bidum	*bidīm
2nd plural	*bidud	*bidīd
3rd plural	*bidun	*bidīn

	present	past
participles	*bīdandz	*bidanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bīdan
- Old English: bīdan
  - Middle English: biden
    - English: bide
    - Scots: byde, bide
- Old Frisian: *bīda
  - North Frisian: bida
- Old Saxon: bīdan
  - Middle Low German: bîden
    - Low German: bieden
- Old Dutch: bīdan
  - Middle Dutch: biden
    - Dutch: beiden (obsolete)
- Old High German: bītan, pītan
  - Middle High German: bīten
    - Alemannic German: beite
    - Cimbrian: paiten
    - German: beiten (dialectal)
Old Norse: bíða
- Icelandic: bíða
- Faroese: bíða
- Norwegian Bokmål: bie, bissens
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bie bia, bide, bida
- Elfdalian: baiða
- Old Swedish: bīþa
  - Swedish: bida
- Old Danish: bīthæ
  - Danish: bie
  - Scanian: bíða
- Gutnish: bide
Gothic: 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (beidan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bīdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*bīdanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bīdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*bīdanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

[1]

[2]