Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þankijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tong-éye-ti, causative of *teng- (“to think, feel, perceive, know”). Cognate with Latin tongeō (“know”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθɑŋ.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þankijaną

1. to perceive, to think

Inflection

Conjugation of *þankijaną (weak class 1 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þankijō	*þankijaų	—	*þankijai	?
2nd singular	*þankīsi	*þankijais	*þankī	*þankijasai	*þankijaisau
3rd singular	*þankīþi	*þankijai	*þankijaþau	*þankijaþai	*þankijaiþau
1st dual	*þankijōs	*þankijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þankijaþiz	*þankijaiþiz	*þankijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þankijamaz	*þankijaim	—	*þankijanþai	*þankijainþau
2nd plural	*þankīþ	*þankijaiþ	*þankīþ	*þankijanþai	*þankijainþau
3rd plural	*þankijanþi	*þankijain	*þankijanþau	*þankijanþai	*þankijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þanhtǭ	*þanhtēdį̄
2nd singular	*þanhtēz	*þanhtēdīz
3rd singular	*þanhtē	*þanhtēdī
1st dual	*þanhtēdū	*þanhtēdīw
2nd dual	*þanhtēdudiz	*þanhtēdīdiz
1st plural	*þanhtēdum	*þanhtēdīm
2nd plural	*þanhtēdud	*þanhtēdīd
3rd plural	*þanhtēdun	*þanhtēdīn
	present	past
participles	*þankijandz	*þankidaz

Derived terms

• *biþankijaną

Related terms

• *þankaz
• *þunkijaną
• *þunhtuz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *þankijan
  • Old English: þenċan, þenċean
    • Middle English: thinken, thenchen, thenken, thynken, thinke, think
      • English: think
      • Scots: think, thynk
  • Old Frisian: thenka
    • North Frisian: teenk, taanke, tanke, tånke
    • Saterland Frisian: toanke
    • West Frisian: tinke
  • Old Saxon: thenkian
    • Middle Low German: denken
      • Low German: denken, dinken
      • → Old Norse: þenkja
        • Icelandic: þenkja
        • Faroese: teinkja
        • Norwegian: tenke
        • Old Swedish: þænkia
          • Swedish: tänka
        • Old Danish: thænkæ
          • Danish: tænke
        • Elfdalian: taintja
        • Gutnish: tänke
        • Scanian: tæńḱa
      • → Polabian: denkot
  • Old Dutch: thenken
    • Middle Dutch: denken
      • Dutch: denken
        • Afrikaans: dink, denk
        • Jersey Dutch: dänke
        • Negerhollands: denk, dink, diṅk, diṅg, diṅ
        • → Aukan: denki
        • → Sranan Tongo: denki
          • → Caribbean Javanese: dèngki
          • → Saramaccan: tínga
      • Limburgish: dinke
  • Old High German: denken, thenken
    • Middle High German: denken
      • Alemannic German: tenke
      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: dénkhan

        Mòcheno: denken

      • German: denken
      • Yiddish: דענקען (denken)
• Old Norse: þekkja
  • Icelandic: þekkja
  • Faroese: tekkja
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þagkjan)