Appendix:Gothic pronunciation

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the reconstruction of Gothic pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.

See Gothic language Β§ Phonology at Wikipedia for a more thorough look at the sounds of Gothic.

Consonants
IPA Examples Approximation in Eng-
lish or another modern
European language
/b/ πŒ±πŒ°πŒ²πŒΌπƒ (bagms) ball
[β][1] 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban) Spanish haber
/d/ πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πƒ (dags) done
[ð][2] 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda) this
/f/[3] π†πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°π‚ (fadar) fuss
/Ι‘/ πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ° (gairda) guest
/Ι‘(Ι‘)Κ·/ πƒπŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πƒ (saggws),
π„π‚πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πƒ (triggws)
guano
[Ι£][4] πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²π‰ (augō) Dutch dagen
/h/ 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban) hut
/j/ 𐌾𐌰 (ja) yard
/ɟɟ/ 𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰 (iddja) duty (RP)[5]
/k/ πŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒ±π‰ (kalbō) cold
/kΚ·/ πŒ΅πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½ (qainōn) quake
/l/ 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌴𐌹 (laggei) lamp
/m/ 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (magan) must
/n/ πŒ½πŒ°πŒ³π‚πƒ (nadrs) not
[Ε‹][6] 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ΓΎagkjan),
πƒπŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πƒ (saggws)
long
/p/ π€πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° (paida) puck
/r/ π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ½ (ragin) Italian regno
/s/ πƒπŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πƒ (saggws) soon
/t/ π„πŒ°πŒ²πŒ» (tagl) tall
/θ/ 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þagkjan) think
/w/ π…πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πƒ (waggs) window
/ʍ/ πˆπŒ°πŒ³π‚πŒ΄ (Ζ•adrΔ“) white (Scottish)
/x/[7] π‡π‚πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΏπƒ (xristus),
πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πƒ (dags)
loch (Scottish)
/z/ 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰 (maiza) zoo
Stress
/ˈ/ πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπ‰ (namō) (/ˈnamoː/) as in number /ˈnʌmbɚ/
Vowels
IPA Examples Approximation in Eng-
lish or another modern
European language
Short
/a/ π„πŒ°πŒ²πŒ» (tagl) bra (but shorter);
pot (American)
/Ι›/ π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ·πŒΏπŒ½ (taihun)[8] bet
/i/ π„πŒΉπŒ²πŒΏπƒ (tigus) beet (but shorter)
/Ι”/ πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒ°π‚ (dauhtar)[9] boss
/u/ π„πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π‰ (tuggō) boot (but shorter)
/y/[10] πƒπ…πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ²πŒ΄ (swnagōgΔ“) French Luc
Long
/aː/ πŒ±π‚πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ° (brāhta) bra
/eː/ π„πŒ΄πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½ (tΔ“kan) day (but monophthongal)
/ɛː/ π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ (tains)[11] bed (but longer)
/iː/ 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (beidan) bee
/oː/ πŒ±π‰πŒΊπŒ° (bōka) toe (but monophthongal)
/ɔː/ π„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (taujan)[12] paw
/uː/ πŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπƒ (brΕ«ks) food
Diphthong
/iu̯/ 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌹 (þiubi) be with
Notes
  1. ^ An allophone of /b/ after a vowel; devoiced to /f/ before a voiceless consonant or at the end of a word
  2. ^ An allophone of /d/ after a vowel; devoiced to /ΞΈ/ before a voiceless consonant or at the end of a word
  3. ^ Possibly actually bilabial /ΙΈ/
  4. ^ An allophone of /Ι‘/ after a vowel; devoiced to /x/ before a voiceless consonant or at the end of a word
  5. ^ But articulated further back on the hard palate, and long
  6. ^ An allophone of /n/ before /k(Κ·)/ or /Ι‘(Κ·)/
  7. ^ Phonemic only in Greek loanwords; usually allophone of /Ι‘/ after vowels and before a voiceless consonant or at the end of a word
  8. ^ Also transliterated aΓ­
  9. ^ Also transliterated aΓΊ
  10. ^ Only in Greek loanwords
  11. ^ Also transliterated Γ‘i
  12. ^ Also transliterated Γ‘u