-ska

See also: ska, SKA, and skA

Finnish

Etymology 1

Probably -s +‎ -(k)ka.

Suffix

-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)

Forms diminutive nouns.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Swedish -ska, as used in older Swedish as a suffix used to derive feminine nouns (such as sångare → sångerska, major → majorska).

Suffix

-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA) (colloquial, archaic)

(now humoristic) Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri.
‎Virtanen + ‎-ska → ‎Virtaska

‎pastori + ‎-ska → ‎pastorska

‎kamreeri + ‎-ska → ‎kamreerska

Anagrams

-kas, SAK, kas

Icelandic

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ska f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -sku, no plural)

forms names of languages from countries or demonyms
‎Japan (“Japan”) + ‎-ska → ‎japanska (“Japanese”)

‎Úkraína (“Ukraine”) + ‎-ska → ‎úkraínska (“Ukrainian”)

‎Laos (“Laos”) + ‎-ska → ‎laoska (“Lao, Laotian”)

Declension

Declension of -ska (sg-only feminine)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	-ska	-skan
accusative	-sku	-skuna
dative	-sku	-skunni
genitive	-sku	-skunnar

Derived terms

-eska, -neska, -íska, -verska

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ska f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -sku, no plural)

forms abstract nouns from nouns, verbs and adjectives
‎illur (“evil”) + ‎-ska → ‎illska (“evil”)

‎gleyma (“to forget”) + ‎-ska → ‎gleymska (“forgetfulness”)

‎heimur (“world”) (originally “abode, home”) + ‎-ska → ‎heimska (“stupidity”) (originally “naiveté, the state of not leaving one's home much”)

Declension

Declension of -ska (sg-only feminine)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	-ska	-skan
accusative	-sku	-skuna
dative	-sku	-skunni
genitive	-sku	-skunnar

Derived terms

-mennska

Lower Sorbian

Suffix

-ska f

used to form the names of countries and regions

Derived terms

Lower Sorbian terms suffixed with -ska

Polish

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Etymology 1

Coalesced from Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix). Cognate with Czech -ská, Slovak -ská; Belarusian -ская (-skaja), -ска́я (-skája); etc.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ska/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
Homophone: ska

Suffix

-ska

feminine nominative singular of -ski
forms surnames

Alternative forms

-cka, -zka

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ska

no pages or subcategories

Descendants

→ English: -ska
⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká) (influenced)
⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská) (influenced)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ska/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Suffix

-ska

masculine genitive singular of -sk

Slovak

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ska/

Adjective

-ska

feminine nominative singular of -sky

Swedish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ska f

Signifies a female (particularly after professions and nationalities); -ess
en spanjor och spanjorska ― a Spaniard and Spaniardess

en kassör och kassörska ― a cashier and cashieress
(historical) Added to the husband's occupation title to form a courtesy title for the wife or widow.
en direktörska ― a wife of a director (literally, “a directoress”)

en kaptenska ― a wife of a captain (literally, “a captainess”)
Denotes that the object is related to the aforementioned person or family; -ian, of
Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset
The Sahlgrenian University Hospital (named after Niclas Sahlgren)

Callanderska gården
The Callanderian estate (named after Sofia Nordvaeger, née Callander)
- 1815 August 9, N. S. Colliander, “Allmän Kungörelse [Publick Notice]”, in Wexiö Tidning, number 61, page 4:
  Till Gyllenpalmska Famillen hafva sedan sista redovisning influtit: En skärf från 2:ne Enkor till den fattiga famillen. Många bäckar små göra en stor å, 2 R:dr R:gd d. 17 Juli 1815.
  Unto the Family of Gyllenpalm hath since the last account been received: A small gift from two widows to the poor family. Many a little makes a mickle, 2 Rixdollars, the 17th of July, 1815.
  (literally, “Unto the Gyllenpalmian Family […] ”)

Usage notes

In older practice, a husband's title suffixed with -ska formed a title for his wife. For example, the wife of a captain (kapten) would be a kaptenska ("captainess"). This practice gradually began dying out around the 1950s. See the article on du-reformen on Wikipedia for more information.