-p

See also: Appendix: Variations of "p"

Hungarian

Suffix

-p

1. (obsolete instantaneous suffix) It can be detected today only in a few obscured derivations such as harap (“to bite”), állapot (“state”), csillapodik (“to calm down”). [1517]
2. (obsolete noun-forming suffix) It can be analyzed from a few derivatives. Presumably it became obsolete already in the Proto-Hungarian period. Its voiced variant -b has also developed. Found today only in a few words, such as közép, hasáb, nyaláb. When the language innovators created the nouns alap (“base”) and szerep (“role”), they inferred the -p suffix from back-formations such as telep back-formed from telepedik, ülep back-formed from ülepedik which were originally formed with the instantaneous suffix -p. [1219]

References

• -p in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-pi. Cognates include Finnish -pi and Estonian -b.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-pi/, [-pi]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-p/, [-p]

Suffix

-p

1. Third-person present singular marker.

Usage notes

• Used only after monosyllabic verbs, those following the same inflection patterns as käyvvä and voija.

Latvian

Suffix

-p

1. alternative form of -up

Derived terms

Latvian terms suffixed with -p

Quechua

Alternative forms

• -q (Cuzco-Collao)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-p/
• (Cuzco-Collao) IPA^(key): [-χ]

Suffix

-p

1. Genitive marker following vowels. See also: -pa.

   ñuqap sutiy ― my name

Usage notes

In Cuzco-Collao Quechua, the genetive case varies between -q (after vowels) and -pa (after consonants). Thus, one would say llamaq "of the llama" but atuqpa "of the fox". In Ayacucho-Chanca Quechua, the genetive is always -pa.