-ki

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ki"

Azerbaijani

Suffix

-ki

1. (+ genitive) Used to form an adjectival or nominal meaning "that which belongs to."

   ‎onun (“her”) + ‎-ki → ‎onunki (“hers”)

   ‎nənəmin (“my grandmother's (determinative)”) + ‎-ki → ‎nənəminki (“my grandmother's (substantive)”)

2. (+ locative) Used to form an adjectival or nominal meaning "(the one) that is at/in."

   Öndəkini bəyəndim.

   I like the one at the front.

Basque

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ki

1. fragment, piece
2. Forms nouns with a given number of components.

   ‎lau (“four”) + ‎-ki → ‎lauki (“square”)

3. meat (as food)

   ‎txerri (“pig”) + ‎-ki → ‎txerriki (“pork”)

4. Forms nouns denoting objects used to perform an action.

   ‎estali (“to cover”) + ‎-ki → ‎estalki (“lid, cap”)

5. produce, yield

   ‎baratze (“orchard”) + ‎-ki → ‎barazki (“vegetable”)

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ki (noun)

abadeki

abelgorriki

aberaski

abereki

adaki

adarki

adizki

ahateki

antzerki

azeriki

barazki

bularki

estalki

euskalki

harizki

izozki

lizarki

txahalki

txerriki

zenbaki

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ki

1. Used to form adverbs from adjectives; -wise, -ly

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ki (adverbial)

abantailatuki

abantailoski

aberaski

abereki

abilki

absolutuki

adeitsuki

aski

bereziki

espresuki

funsgabeki

gaizki

hobeki

ongi

osoki

References

• “-ki” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Estonian

Adverb

-ki

1. Alternative form of -gi

Usage notes

This form is used after voiceless consonants. After voiced consonants and vowels, the form -gi is used.

Finnish

Clitic

-ki

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of -kin

   Mäki söin tänää jätskii.

   Also I ate ice-cream today.

Ingrian

Alternative forms

• -kii

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-kik. Cognates include Finnish -kin and Estonian -gi.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-ki/, [-ki]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-ki/, [-ki]

Particle

-ki

1. also, too, as well
   • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:

     Peenet lapset i neki talvia evät pölkää.

     Little children, even they aren't afraid of the winter.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ki

ainaki

kumpainki

viimänki

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 163
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[1], →ISBN, page 18

Japanese

Romanization

-ki

1. Rōmaji transcription of き

Mokilese

Suffix

-ki

1. An "associative suffix" with the following uses:

   Allows an intransitive verb to specify the instrument by which an action was performed

   ‎-ki → ‎ngoah poalpoalki jiloapas (“I am chopping with an axe”)

   Allows a stative verb to specify a person affected by the state

   ‎Inoangpase mwehu. (“This story is good.”) + ‎-ki → ‎Ngoah mwehuki inoangpase (“I like this story”)

   Allows a stative verb to specify the cause of the state

   ‎-ki → ‎Ngoah koakoahkki oai doadoahk (“I'm tired because of my work”)

   Turns an intransitive verb transitive

   ‎Ih koaul (“he sang”) + ‎-ki → ‎Ih koaulki koaulpas (“he sang a song”)

Derived terms

Mokilese terms suffixed with -ki

kijradki

mwehuki

woahwoahki

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese Reference Grammar, University of Hawaii Press 1977

Nǀuu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ki

1. nominalizer; -ing, -tion, -ment

   ‎ǂxoa (“to speak, to talk”) + ‎-ki → ‎ǂxoaki (“language, speech”)

   ‎â (“to eat”) + ‎-ki → ‎âki (“food”)

   ‎ʘʻuiʻi (“to be sick”) + ‎-ki → ‎ʘʻuiʻiki (“disease”)

References

• Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary
• Güldemann, Tom. “"Back to normal?" - ditransitives in the Tuu family.” (2007).

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *-ukô.

Suffix

-ki m

2. (rare) diminutive suffix

   ‎bjǫrn (“bear”) + ‎-ki → ‎bjarki (“little bear, bearlet”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-ki

1. alternative form of -gi (“not”)

Pipil

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ki/

Suffix

-ki

1. Preterite singular verb suffix

   kisa → kiski

   pewa → pejki

Usage notes

• The suffix -ki is used with Class I verbs (consonant stem), whereas the truncated suffix -k is used with Class II verbs (vowel-stem):

  panu → panuk

See also

• -ket (plural suffix)

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ

Polish -ki

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ki/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophone: ki

Suffix

-ki m

1. forms masculine adjectives

   ‎jeden + ‎-ki → ‎jednaki

Declension

Declension of -ki (velar)

singular					plural
	masculine animate	masculine inanimate	feminine	neuter	virile (= masculine personal)	non-virile
nominative	-ki		-ka	-kie	-cy	-kie
genitive	-kiego		-kiej	-kiego	-kich
dative	-kiemu		-kiej	-kiemu	-kim
accusative	-kiego	-ki	-ką	-kie	-kich	-kie
instrumental	-kim		-ką	-kim	-kimi
locative	-kim		-kiej	-kim	-kich

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ki

bakalijki

bimbałki

bokserki

całki

cążki

chłódki

chwatki

endecki

-eńki

esdecki

gatki

grabki

gromki

hnetki

jednaki

kajdanki

klęczki

kombinerki

krewki

kudełki

lepki

majteczki

nożyczki

okularki

owaki

papatki

partyzancki

pieski

plecki

porteczki

prządki

rzutki

saneczki

sanki

slipki

słodki

sorki

spodenki

strzelecki

szybki

śpioszki

trojaczki

-uśki

-utki

ważki

wdzięczki

wielki

żarki

żmudzki

Further reading

• -ki in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ـكی (-ki).

Suffix

-ki

1. (+ genitive) Used to form an adjectival or nominal meaning "that which belongs to."

   ‎onların (“their”) + ‎-ki → ‎onlarınki (“theirs”)

   ‎babamın (“my dad's (determinative)”) + ‎-ki → ‎babamınki (“my dad's (substantive)”)

2. (+ locative) Used to form an adjectival or nominal meaning "(the one) that is at/in."

   Synonym: olan

   Sağdakini beğendim.

   I like the one on the right.

   Neden evdekini istiyorsun ki? Buradaki gayet iyi çalışıyor.

   Why do you want the one at home? The one (that is) here works quite nicely.

Usage notes

This use of -ki is invariable with respect to vowel and consonant harmony, except after the vowel ü: bugün +‎ -ki → bugünkü.

Declension

Declension of -ki

	singular	plural
nominative	-ki	-kiler
definite accusative	-kini	-kilerini
dative	-kine	-kilerine
locative	-kinde	-kilerinde
ablative	-kinden	-kilerinden
genitive	-kinin	-kilerinin

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كی”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1064

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-kik. Cognates include Finnish -kin, Estonian Estonian -gi.

Adverb

-ki

1. also, too, as well

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “также, тоже”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika