-ettél
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From -ett (past-tense suffix) + -él (second-person singular suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ettél
- (past-tense suffix) Forms the second-person singular past tense of verbs (indefinite conjugation).
- szerkeszt (“to edit”) + -ettél → szerkesztettél (“you (have/had) edited”)
- vetít (“to project”) + -ettél → vetítettél (“you (have/had) projected”)
- vet (“to sow”) + -ettél → vetettél (“you (have/had) sowed/sown”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (past tense suffix) Variants:
- -tál is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -tél is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -ttál is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, fú, ó, ró, rí, szí)
- -ttél is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nyű, sző)
- -ottál is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)
- -ettél is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
- -öttél is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
Etymology 2
[edit]From -et (causative suffix) + -t (past-tense suffix) + -él (second-person singular suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ettél
- (past-tense causative suffix) Forms the second-person singular causative past tense of verbs (indefinite conjugation), used with -val/-vel, e.g. vele, velük etc., otherwise coinciding with the above forms.
- fest (“to paint”) + -ettél → festettél (“you had him/her/them paint something”)
- megért (“to understand”) + -ettél → megértettél (“you made him/her/them understand something”)
Usage notes
[edit]Homonymy exists between regular and causative past tense forms of consonant + t types of front-vowel verbs, in all the six persons, both with definite and indefinite endings, except for the third-person singular indefinite form (-ettem, -ettél, –, -ettünk, -ettetek, -ettek; -ettem, -etted, -ette, -ettük, -ettétek, -ették; -ettelek). On the other hand, other types of front-vowel verbs as well as back-vowel verbs take different forms for the regular and the causative past tense (e.g. -ottam and -attam, e.g. ugrottam and ugrattam among similar back-vowel verbs, other front-vowel verb types having clearly distinct forms: kértem vs. kérettem, kerestem vs. kerestettem). However, the -val/-vel argument is compulsory with the causative sense, so it makes the distinction easier (e.g. megértettem velük a különbséget – “I made them understand the difference”).