nyű
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *ńiwŋɜ or *ńiŋe (“maggot, worm”). Cognates include Northern Mansi ниӈк (niňk).[1][2]
Noun
[edit]Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | nyű | nyüvek |
accusative | nyüvet | nyüveket |
dative | nyűnek | nyüveknek |
instrumental | nyűvel | nyüvekkel |
causal-final | nyűért | nyüvekért |
translative | nyűvé | nyüvekké |
terminative | nyűig | nyüvekig |
essive-formal | nyűként | nyüvekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | nyűben | nyüvekben |
superessive | nyüven | nyüveken |
adessive | nyűnél | nyüveknél |
illative | nyűbe | nyüvekbe |
sublative | nyűre | nyüvekre |
allative | nyűhez | nyüvekhez |
elative | nyűből | nyüvekből |
delative | nyűről | nyüvekről |
ablative | nyűtől | nyüvektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
nyűé | nyüveké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
nyűéi | nyüvekéi |
or (less commonly)
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front rounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | nyű | nyűk |
accusative | nyűt | nyűket |
dative | nyűnek | nyűknek |
instrumental | nyűvel | nyűkkel |
causal-final | nyűért | nyűkért |
translative | nyűvé | nyűkké |
terminative | nyűig | nyűkig |
essive-formal | nyűként | nyűkként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | nyűben | nyűkben |
superessive | nyűn | nyűkön |
adessive | nyűnél | nyűknél |
illative | nyűbe | nyűkbe |
sublative | nyűre | nyűkre |
allative | nyűhöz | nyűkhöz |
elative | nyűből | nyűkből |
delative | nyűről | nyűkről |
ablative | nyűtől | nyűktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
nyűé | nyűké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
nyűéi | nyűkéi |
Possessive forms of nyű | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | nyüvem | nyüveim |
2nd person sing. | nyüved | nyüveid |
3rd person sing. | nyüve | nyüvei |
1st person plural | nyüvünk | nyüveink |
2nd person plural | nyüvetek | nyüveitek |
3rd person plural | nyüvük | nyüveik |
or (less commonly)
Possessive forms of nyű | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | nyűm | nyűim |
2nd person sing. | nyűd | nyűid |
3rd person sing. | nyűje | nyűi |
1st person plural | nyűnk | nyűink |
2nd person plural | nyűtök | nyűitek |
3rd person plural | nyűjük | nyűik |
See also E-Szókincs for its full declension.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *ńüke- (“to rip, tear”). Cognates include Northern Mansi няви (nâvi) and Finnish nykiä.[3]
Verb
[edit]nyű
- (transitive, of clothing) to wear away, to wear out
- (dialectal) to weed
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of nyű
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | nyüvök | nyűsz | nyű | nyüvünk | nyűtök | nyűnek | |
Def. | nyüvöm | nyüvöd | nyüvi | nyűjük | nyüvitek | nyüvik | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | nyűttem | nyűttél | nyűtt | nyűttünk | nyűttetek | nyűttek | ||
Def. | nyűttem | nyűtted | nyűtte | nyűttük | nyűttétek | nyűtték | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűttelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. nyűni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | nyüvék | nyüvél | nyüve | nyüvénk | nyüvétek | nyüvének | ||
Def. | nyüvém | nyüvéd | nyüvé | nyüvénk | nyüvétek | nyüvék | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyüvélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. nyű vala, nyűtt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | nyüvendek | nyüvendesz | nyüvend | nyüvendünk | nyüvendetek | nyüvendenek | ||
Def. | nyüvendem | nyüvended | nyüvendi | nyüvendjük | nyüvenditek | nyüvendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyüvendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | nyűnék | nyűnél | nyűne | nyűnénk | nyűnétek | nyűnének | |
Def. | nyűném | nyűnéd | nyűné | nyűnénk (or nyűnők) |
nyűnétek | nyűnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. nyűtt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | nyűjek | nyűj or nyűjél |
nyűjön | nyűjünk | nyűjetek | nyűjenek | |
Def. | nyűjem | nyűdd or nyűjed |
nyűje | nyűjük | nyűjétek | nyűjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. nyűtt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | nyűni | nyűnöm | nyűnöd | nyűnie | nyűnünk | nyűnötök | nyűniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
nyüvés | nyüvő | nyűtt | nyüvendő | nyűve (nyűvén) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of nyű
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | nyűhetek | nyűhetsz | nyűhet | nyűhetünk | nyűhettek | nyűhetnek | |
Def. | nyűhetem | nyűheted | nyűheti | nyűhetjük | nyűhetitek | nyűhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | nyűhettem | nyűhettél | nyűhetett | nyűhettünk | nyűhettetek | nyűhettek | ||
Def. | nyűhettem | nyűhetted | nyűhette | nyűhettük | nyűhettétek | nyűhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | nyűheték | nyűhetél | nyűhete | nyűheténk | nyűhetétek | nyűhetének | ||
Def. | nyűhetém | nyűhetéd | nyűheté | nyűheténk | nyűhetétek | nyűheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. nyűhet vala, nyűhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | nyűhetendek or nyüvendhetek | nyűhetendesz or nyüvendhetsz | nyűhetend or nyüvendhet | nyűhetendünk or nyüvendhetünk | nyűhetendetek or nyüvendhettek | nyűhetendenek or nyüvendhetnek | ||
Def. | nyűhetendem or nyüvendhetem | nyűhetended or nyüvendheted | nyűhetendi or nyüvendheti | nyűhetendjük or nyüvendhetjük | nyűhetenditek or nyüvendhetitek | nyűhetendik or nyüvendhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűhetendelek or nyüvendhetlek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | nyűhetnék | nyűhetnél | nyűhetne | nyűhetnénk | nyűhetnétek | nyűhetnének | |
Def. | nyűhetném | nyűhetnéd | nyűhetné | nyűhetnénk | nyűhetnétek | nyűhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. nyűhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | nyűhessek | nyűhess or nyűhessél |
nyűhessen | nyűhessünk | nyűhessetek | nyűhessenek | |
Def. | nyűhessem | nyűhesd or nyűhessed |
nyűhesse | nyűhessük | nyűhessétek | nyűhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | nyűhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. nyűhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (nyűhetni) | (nyűhetnem) | (nyűhetned) | (nyűhetnie) | (nyűhetnünk) | (nyűhetnetek) | (nyűhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | nyűhető | Neg. adj. | nyűhetetlen | Adv. part. | (nyűhetve / nyűhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ Entry #630 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ nyű in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Entry #625 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Further reading
[edit]- (worm, maggot): nyű in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to wear out): nyű in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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