rí

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ri"

Hungarian

Etymology

An onomatopoeia.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈriː]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -riː

Verb

rí

(intransitive, literary, folksy) to weep
Synonym: sír
(transitive, literary, folksy) to say something while weeping

Conjugation

conjugation of rí

Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	rívok	rísz	rí	rívunk	rítok	rínak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	ríttam	ríttál	rítt	ríttunk	ríttatok	ríttak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ríni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	rívék	rívál	ríva	rívánk	rívátok	rívának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rí vala, rítt vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	rívandok	rívandasz	rívand	rívandunk	rívandotok	rívandanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	rínék	rínál	rína	rínánk	rínátok	rínának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rítt volna
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	ríjak	ríj or ríjál	ríjon	ríjunk	ríjatok	ríjanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rítt légyen
Infinitive	ríni		rínom	rínod	rínia	rínunk	rínotok	ríniuk
Other forms	rívás		rívó	rítt	―	ríva (ríván)		ríkat

potential conjugation of rí

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	ríhatok	ríhatsz	ríhat	ríhatunk	ríhattok	ríhatnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	ríhattam	ríhattál	ríhatott	ríhattunk	ríhattatok	ríhattak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	ríhaték	ríhatál	ríhata	ríhatánk	ríhatátok	ríhatának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. ríhat vala, ríhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	ríhatandok or rívandhatok	ríhatandasz or rívandhatsz	ríhatand or rívandhat	ríhatandunk or rívandhatunk	ríhatandotok or rívandhattok	ríhatandanak or rívandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	ríhatnék	ríhatnál	ríhatna	ríhatnánk	ríhatnátok	ríhatnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ríhatott volna
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	ríhassak	ríhass or ríhassál	ríhasson	ríhassunk	ríhassatok	ríhassanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ríhatott légyen
Inf.	(ríhatni)		(ríhatnom)	(ríhatnod)	(ríhatnia)	(ríhatnunk)	(ríhatnotok)	(ríhatniuk)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(ríhatva / ríhatván)

With its uncommon transitive forms:

conjugation of rí

Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	rívok	rísz	rí	rívunk	rítok	rínak
		Def.	rívom	rívod	ríja	ríjuk	ríjátok	ríják
		2nd-p. o.	rílak	―
	Past	Indef.	ríttam	ríttál	rítt	ríttunk	ríttatok	ríttak
		Def.	ríttam	ríttad	rítta	ríttuk	ríttátok	rítták
		2nd-p. o.	ríttalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ríni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	rívék	rívál	ríva	rívánk	rívátok	rívának
		Def.	rívám	rívád	rívá	rívánk	rívátok	rívák
		2nd-p. o.	ríválak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rí vala, rítt vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	rívandok	rívandasz	rívand	rívandunk	rívandotok	rívandanak
		Def.	rívandom	rívandod	rívandja	rívandjuk	rívandjátok	rívandják
		2nd-p. o.	rívandalak	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	rínék	rínál	rína	rínánk	rínátok	rínának
		Def.	rínám	rínád	ríná	rínánk (or rínók)	rínátok	rínák
		2nd-p. o.	rínálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rítt volna
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	ríjak	ríj or ríjál	ríjon	ríjunk	ríjatok	ríjanak
		Def.	ríjam	rídd or ríjad	ríja	ríjuk	ríjátok	ríják
		2nd-p. o.	ríjalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rítt légyen
Infinitive	ríni		rínom	rínod	rínia	rínunk	rínotok	ríniuk
Other forms	rívás		rívó	rítt	rívandó	ríva (ríván)		ríkat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of rí

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	ríhatok	ríhatsz	ríhat	ríhatunk	ríhattok	ríhatnak
		Def.	ríhatom	ríhatod	ríhatja	ríhatjuk	ríhatjátok	ríhatják
		2nd-p. o.	ríhatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	ríhattam	ríhattál	ríhatott	ríhattunk	ríhattatok	ríhattak
		Def.	ríhattam	ríhattad	ríhatta	ríhattuk	ríhattátok	ríhatták
		2nd-p. o.	ríhattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	ríhaték	ríhatál	ríhata	ríhatánk	ríhatátok	ríhatának
		Def.	ríhatám	ríhatád	ríhatá	ríhatánk	ríhatátok	ríhaták
		2nd-p. o.	ríhatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. ríhat vala, ríhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	ríhatandok or rívandhatok	ríhatandasz or rívandhatsz	ríhatand or rívandhat	ríhatandunk or rívandhatunk	ríhatandotok or rívandhattok	ríhatandanak or rívandhatnak
		Def.	ríhatandom or rívandhatom	ríhatandod or rívandhatod	ríhatandja or rívandhatja	ríhatandjuk or rívandhatjuk	ríhatandjátok or rívandhatjátok	ríhatandják or rívandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	ríhatandalak or rívandhatlak	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	ríhatnék	ríhatnál	ríhatna	ríhatnánk	ríhatnátok	ríhatnának
		Def.	ríhatnám	ríhatnád	ríhatná	ríhatnánk (or ríhatnók)	ríhatnátok	ríhatnák
		2nd-p. o.	ríhatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ríhatott volna
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	ríhassak	ríhass or ríhassál	ríhasson	ríhassunk	ríhassatok	ríhassanak
		Def.	ríhassam	ríhasd or ríhassad	ríhassa	ríhassuk	ríhassátok	ríhassák
		2nd-p. o.	ríhassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ríhatott légyen
Inf.	(ríhatni)		(ríhatnom)	(ríhatnod)	(ríhatnia)	(ríhatnunk)	(ríhatnotok)	(ríhatniuk)
Positive adjective			ríható	Neg. adj.	ríhatatlan	Adv. part.	(ríhatva / ríhatván)

Derived terms

Compound words

sír-rí

(With verbal prefixes):

kirí
lerí

References

^ rí in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

Anagrams

ír

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish rí, from Old Irish rí,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾˠiː/^[2]^[3]

Noun

rí m (genitive singular rí, nominative plural ríthe)

king (male monarch)
king (in chess; in cards; in checkers/draughts)

Declension

Declension of rí (fourth declension)

bare forms
case	singular	plural
nominative	rí	ríthe
vocative	a rí	a ríthe
genitive	rí	ríthe
dative	rí	ríthe

forms with the definite article
case	singular	plural
nominative	an rí	na ríthe
genitive	an rí	na ríthe
dative	leis an rí don rí	leis na ríthe

Superseded spelling of genitive singular: ríogh
Superseded spelling of dative singular: rígh
Alternative nominative plural: ríogha
Alternative genitive plural: ríogh

Coordinate terms

banríon

Derived terms

iníon rí (“princess”)
leasrí (“viceroy”)
mac rí (“prince”)
Nás na Ríogh (“Naas”)
rí-ulchabhán (“eagle owl”)
Rián (“Ryan”)
rímháistreacht (“virtuosity”)
ríocht (“kingdom”)
ríoga (“royal”)
ríshliocht (“dynasty”)
ríúil (“kingly”)
Ruairí (“Rory”)
soitheach an rí (“cutter (boat)”)
uirrí (“tributary king”)

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “rí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 46
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 96

Macanese

Etymology

From Portuguese rir.

Verb

rí

to laugh
rí qui istripâ ― to split one's sides laughing (literally, “to laugh until the guts turn over”)

nê-bôm fazê iou rí ― don't make me laugh

References

https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish rí, from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”), which is derived from *h₃reǵ-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /r͈ʲiː/

Noun

rí m (genitive ríg, nominative plural ríg)

king

Quotations

c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
Boí rí amra for Laignib, .i. Mac Dathó a ainm.
There was a wonderful king over the Leinstermen; Mac Dathó was his name.

Coordinate terms

rígan (“queen”)

Derived terms

Descendants

Irish: rí
Manx: ree
Scottish Gaelic: rìgh

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”), which is derived from *h₃reǵ-. Cognates include Sanskrit राज् (rāj, “king”), राजन् (rājan), and Latin rēx (“king”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [r͈ʲiː]

Noun

rí m (genitive ríg, nominative plural ríg)

king

Declension

Masculine g-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	rí	ríg^L	ríg
Vocative	rí	ríg^L	ríga
Accusative	ríg^N	ríg^L	ríga
Genitive	ríg	ríg	ríg^N
Dative	ríg^L	rígaib	rígaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Quotations

c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 85^d7
amtis forbristi ind ríg [translating principibus oppressis]
when the kings were oppressed
c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 127^d6
in tan ro·mmemaid ré nAbracham forsna cóic ríga bertar Loth a Sodaim
when the five kings who carried Lot from Sodom had been routed by Abraham

Synonyms

ruiri

Coordinate terms

rígain (“queen”)

Derived terms

rígdae

Descendants

Middle Irish: rí
- Irish: rí
- Manx: ree
- Scottish Gaelic: rìgh

Mutation

Mutation of rí
radical	lenition	nasalization
rí also rrí after a proclitic ending in a vowel	rí pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Chess pieces in Irish · fir fichille (layout · text)

rí	banríon	caiseal	easpag	ridire	ceithearnach, fichillín

Playing cards in Irish · cártaí imeartha (layout · text)

aon	dó	trí	ceathair	cúig	sé	seacht

ocht	naoi	deich	cuireata	banríon	rí	fear na gcrúb, buachaill mór

Hungarian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

See also

References

Further reading

Macanese

Etymology

Verb

References

Middle Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Quotations

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Quotations

Synonyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation

Further reading