-ш

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *-ьšь (“comparative suffix”). Used to form the comparative degree of adjectives, nowadays formed with the prefix по́- (pó-).

Suffix

-ш • (-š)

1. (dated, unproductive) Forms secondary adjectives with comparative meaning:

   ви́сен (vísen, “elevated”) (obsolete) → висш (visš, “superior”)

   ни́сък (nísǎk, “low”) → нисш (nisš, “inferior”)

   стар (star, “old, mature”) → старш (starš, “senior”)

   млад (mlad, “young, inexperienced”) → младш (mladš, “junior”)

   вели́к (velík, “great”) → велича́йш (veličájš, “majestic, superior”) (poetic)

   благ (blag, “polite”) → блаже́йш (blažéjš, “very noble, honorable”) (poetic)

Usage notes

Adjectives that had been extended diachronically with a secondary element such as -ен (-en) (from earlier i-stem adjectival declension), -ък (-ǎk) (from earlier u-stem adjectival declension) drop the secondary element when the comparative -ш (-š) is applied.

Derived terms

• -айшество (-ajšestvo), -ейшество (-ejšestvo, “-ness”)

Further reading

• Duridanov, Iv. (1991) “Степени на сравнение на прилагателни имена”, in Граматика на Старобългарския език‎^[1], Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 197

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *-(v)ъšь, past active participle ending.

Suffix

-ш • (-š)

1. Alternative form of -вш (-vš)

Pannonian Rusyn

Alternative forms

• -шик (-šik), -шка (-ška)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak -si, -ska, from Proto-Slavic *sь. Cognate with Belarusian and Ukrainian -сь (-sʹ), Polish -ś, Czech and Slovak -si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈ-ʃ]
• Hyphenation: ш

Particle

-ш (-š)

1. appended to relative/interrogative pronouns to form indefinite pronouns; some-

   Synonym: да- (da-)

Usage notes

• The particle is indeclinable; the pronoun to which it attaches declines instead.
• The form -шка (-ška) only occurs in the nominative; consider цошка (coška), whose genitive forms can be чогош (čohoš) or чогошик (čohošik), but not *чогошка (*čohoška).

Derived terms

Pannonian Rusyn terms suffixed with -ш

Further reading

• Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M. (1997), in Ramač, Ju., editor, Српско-русински речник [Serbian-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Serbian), Vol. 2, Belgrade, Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 871