-вш
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Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *-vъšь, past active participle ending. The element -ш (-š) is also found in the old comparative forms of adjectives.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-вш • (-vš)
- (dated, obsolete) Deverbal from athematic verbs expressing a resultant or a quality induced by a past activity:
- бим (bim)/би́да (bída, “to be, to become”) → бивш (bivš, “former”)
- дам (dam)/да́да (dáda, “to give”) → давш (davš, “grant”) (dated) → да́шен (dášen, “generous”)
- ям (jam)/яда (jada, “to eat”) → ядш (jadš), явш (javš, “fed”) (dated) → я́шен (jášen, “epicure”)
- съзнам (sǎznam)/съзная (sǎznaja, “to realize”) → съзнавш (sǎznavš, “realized, recognized”) (dated)
- (dated, obsolete) Deverbal from simple thematic verbs expressing a resultant or a quality induced by a past activity:
- обви́я (obvíja, “to wrap, to envelop”) → оби́вш (obívš) (obsolete) → любвеоби́в (ljubveobív, “loving”) (literally: “surrounding with love”)
- мра (mra, “to die”) → мървш (mǎrvš) (obsolete) → мъ́рша (mǎ́rša, “carcass, carrion”) (literally: “dead flesh”)
- скри́я (skríja, “to hide”) → скривш (skrivš) (obsolete) → скри́шен (skríšen, “secret”)
- зе́я (zéja, “to gape”) → зевш (zevš) (obsolete) → зев (zev, “oral cavity, gullet”)
Usage notes
[edit]In Modern Bulgarian, the derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as normal adjectives. The past active participle construction has been lost.
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- St. Stoyanov (1983) “Прилагателни имена от причастия”, in Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език, volume 2, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 150