𑀳𑀓𑀁

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *aȷ́ʰám

Sanskrit अहम् (aham)der.

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)

Inherited from Sanskrit अहकम् (ahakam), diminutive of अहम् (ahám).

Pronoun

𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)

1. I
   • c. 258 BCE, Aśoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.2:

     𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 𑀅𑀠𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀦𑀺 𑀯𑀲𑀸𑀦𑀺 𑀬 𑀳𑀓𑀁 […] 𑀲𑀓𑁂

     adhikāni aḍhātiyāni vasāni ya hakaṃ […] sake

     • 1925 translation by Eugen Hultzsch

       More than two and a half years (have passed) since I (am) a lay-worshipper (upasaka).

Declension

Declension of 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	singular	plural
nominative	𑀳𑀓𑀁 hakaṃ	—
accusative	—	—
instrumental	𑀫𑀬𑀸, 𑀫𑁂, 𑀫𑀫𑀬𑀸 mayā, me, mamayā	—
dative	—	—
ablative	—	—
genitive	𑀫𑁃, 𑀫𑁂 mai, me	—
locative	—	—

Alternative forms

Attested at Bairat, Brahmagiri, Calcutta-Bairat, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Gavimath, Jatinga-Rameshwara, Jaugada, Kalsi, Nittur, Rajula-Mandagiri, Siddapura, Udegolam and Yerragudi.

Dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (“I”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	Delhi-Topra	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	Rupnath	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi), 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (sumi hakaṃ)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi), 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi hakaṃ)
	Bairat	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	?𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mamayā)
	Sahasram	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi)
	Gujarra	𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 (smi)	𑀅𑀳𑀁 nom.sg (ahaṃ), ?𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (smi), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Calcutta-Bairat	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	Panguraria	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi)
	Bahapur	𑀳𑀓𑁂 (hake)	𑀳𑀓𑁂 nom.sg (hake), 𑀳𑀫𑀬𑁂 ins.sg (hamaye)
East	Dhauli	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	Jaugada	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨀𐨱𐨎 (ahaṃ)
	Mansehra	𐨀𐨀𐨎 (aaṃ)
West	Girnar	𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)
South	Yerragudi	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), 𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Siddapura	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	?𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), ?𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Brahmagiri	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), 𑀫𑁃 gen.sg (mai), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Maski	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi)
	Jatinga-Rameshwara	𑀬𑁄 (yo), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), ?𑀬𑁄 ins.sg (yo)
	Rajula-Mandagiri	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Udegolam	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Nittur	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), ?𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Gavimath	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (“I”)
𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) (27) 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi) (5) 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ) (3) 𑀳𑀓𑁂 (hake) (2) 𑀬𑁄 (yo) (1) 𐨀𐨱𐨎 (ahaṃ) (1) 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (sumi hakaṃ) (1) 𐨀𐨀𐨎 (aaṃ) (1) 𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 (smi) (1)

References

• Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) “hakaṃ”, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aśoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 177