𑀅𑀳𑀁

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *aȷ́ʰám

Sanskrit अहम् (aham)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)

Inherited from Sanskrit अहम् (aham), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *aȷ́ʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)

1. I

Declension

Declension of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)
	singular	plural
nominative	𑀅𑀳𑀁 ahaṃ	—
accusative	—	—
instrumental	𑀫𑁂 me	—
dative	—	—
ablative	—	—
genitive	—	—
locative	—	—

Alternative forms

Attested at Girnar and Gujarra.

Dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (“I”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	Delhi-Topra	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	Rupnath	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi), 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (sumi hakaṃ)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi), 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi hakaṃ)
	Bairat	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	?𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mamayā)
	Sahasram	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi)
	Gujarra	𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 (smi)	𑀅𑀳𑀁 nom.sg (ahaṃ), ?𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (smi), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Calcutta-Bairat	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	Panguraria	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi)
	Bahapur	𑀳𑀓𑁂 (hake)	𑀳𑀓𑁂 nom.sg (hake), 𑀳𑀫𑀬𑁂 ins.sg (hamaye)
East	Dhauli	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
	Jaugada	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨀𐨱𐨎 (ahaṃ)
	Mansehra	𐨀𐨀𐨎 (aaṃ)
West	Girnar	𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)
South	Yerragudi	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), 𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Siddapura	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	?𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), ?𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Brahmagiri	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), 𑀫𑁃 gen.sg (mai), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Maski	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi)
	Jatinga-Rameshwara	𑀬𑁄 (yo), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), ?𑀬𑁄 ins.sg (yo)
	Rajula-Mandagiri	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Udegolam	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Nittur	𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), ?𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)
	Gavimath	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)	𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (“I”)
𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) (27) 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi) (5) 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ) (3) 𑀳𑀓𑁂 (hake) (2) 𑀬𑁄 (yo) (1) 𐨀𐨱𐨎 (ahaṃ) (1) 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (sumi hakaṃ) (1) 𐨀𐨀𐨎 (aaṃ) (1) 𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 (smi) (1)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ahám”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ahaṃ (Latin script)
• अहं (Devanagari script)
• অহং (Bengali script)
• අහං (Sinhalese script)
• အဟံ or ဢႁံ (Burmese script)
• อหํ or อะหัง (Thai script)
• ᩋᩉᩴ (Tai Tham script)
• ອຫໍ or ອະຫັງ (Lao script)
• អហំ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄦𑄁 (Chakma script)

Pronoun

𑀅𑀳𑀁 c

1. Brahmi script form of ahaṃ

Declension

Declension table of "𑀫"

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)	𑀫𑀬𑀁 (mayaṃ) or 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe)
Accusative (second)	𑀫𑀁 (maṃ) or 𑀫𑀫𑀁 (mamaṃ) or 𑀫𑁂 (me)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe) or 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀫𑁂 (asme) or 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀓𑀁 (amhākaṃ) or 𑀦𑁄 (no)
Instrumental (third)	𑀫𑀬𑀸 (mayā) or 𑀫𑁂 (me)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (amhehi) or 𑀦𑁄 (no)
Dative (fourth)	𑀫𑀫 (mama) or 𑀫𑀬𑁆𑀳𑀁 (mayhaṃ) or 𑀫𑀫𑀁 (mamaṃ) or 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀁 (amhaṃ) or 𑀫𑁂 (me)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀓𑀁 (amhākaṃ) or 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀓𑀁 (asmākaṃ) or 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀁 (amhaṃ) or 𑀦𑁄 (no)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀫𑀬𑀸 (mayā) or 𑀫𑁂 (me)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺 (amhehi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀫𑀫 (mama) or 𑀫𑀬𑁆𑀳𑀁 (mayhaṃ) or 𑀫𑀫𑀁 (mamaṃ) or 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀁 (amhaṃ) or 𑀫𑁂 (me)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀓𑀁 (amhākaṃ) or 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀓𑀁 (asmākaṃ) or 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀁 (amhaṃ) or 𑀦𑁄 (no)
Locative (seventh)	𑀫𑀬𑀺 (mayi)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (amhesu)

Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ).

Pronoun

𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ) (Devanagari अहं, Gujarati અહં, Kannada ಅಹಂ) (Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)

1. I

Declension

Sauraseni declension of 𑀅𑀳𑀁
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe)
Accusative	𑀫𑀁 (maṃ)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 or 𑀡𑁄 (amhe or ṇo)
Instrumental	𑀫𑀏 (mae)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (amhehiṃ)
Ablative	𑀫𑀫𑀸𑀤𑁄 (mamādo)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (amhehiṃto)
Genitive	𑀫𑀫 or 𑀫𑁂 or 𑀫𑀳 (mama or me or maha)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 or 𑀡𑁄 (amhāṇaṃ or ṇo)
Locative	𑀫𑀇 (maï)	𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (amhesu)
Note: Many of these forms may be unattested.