𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀇

Prakrit

Alternative forms

• 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀤𑀺 (suṇedi) — Śaurasenī
• 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀇 (suṇei) — Ardhamāgadhī
• 𑀰𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀤𑀺 (śuṇedi) — Māgadhī

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néwti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćr̥náwti

Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇoti)

Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀇 (suṇaï)

Inherited from Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇóti) where irregular ṛ > u when not preceded by a labial consonant is probably due to influence from the past participle 𑀲𑀼𑀅 (sua, “heard”) < Sanskrit श्रुत (śruta). Cognate with Pali suṇāti.

Verb

𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀇 (suṇaï) (Devanagari सुणइ, Kannada ಸುಣಇ) (transitive) (Māhārāṣṭrī)

1. to listen, hear

Derived terms

• 𑀲𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀯𑁂𑀇 (suṇāvei, “to cause to hear”)

Descendants

• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Assamese: শুন (xun)
  • Bengali: শোনা (śōna), হুনা (huna)
  • Odia: ଶୁଣିବା (śuṇibā)
  • Sylheti: ꠢꠥꠘꠣ (huna)
• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Nepali: सुन्नु (sunnu)
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Punjabi: ਸੁਣਨਾ / سُننا (suṇnā)
• Western Indo-Aryan:
  • Old Gujarati: सुणइ (suṇaï)
    • Gujarati: સુણવું (suṇvũ)
  • Romani: śunel (see there for further descendants)
• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Hindustani: sunnā
    • Hindi: सुनना
    • Urdu: سننا

References

• Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 357
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “suṇaï”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press