𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *trewą (“tree, wood”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Cognates include Old English trēow, Sanskrit दारु (dāru), and Hittite 𒋫𒀀𒊒 (tāru).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtriu̯/

Noun

𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 • (triu) n

2. piece of wood
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 14.43:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷 𐌰𐍄 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 𐌵𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍃, 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐍃 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌴, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌼 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼.

     jah sunsaiw nauhþanuh at imma rōdjandin qam iudas, sums þizē twalibē, jah miþ imma managei miþ hairum jah triwam fram þaim auhumistam gudjam jah bōkarjam jah sinistam.

     And immediately, while he yet spake, cometh Judas, one of the twelve, and with him a great multitude with swords and staves, from the chief priests and the scribes and the elders. (KJV).

   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 14.48:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌳𐌿 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌺.

     jah andhafjands iēsus qaþ du im: swē du waidēdjin urrunnuþ miþ hairum jah triwam greipan mik.

     And Jesus answered and said unto them, Are ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and with staves to take me? (KJV).

Usage notes

This word translates ξύλον (xúlon, “wood, object made of wood”), used in the Gospel of Mark with the sense of “wooden stick”; it is likely that the Gothic word has a similar broad sense of “wood, object made of wood”, as the derived adjective 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (triweins) means “wooden”, and its Germanic cognates mean “tree” or “wood”. The word, however, is at least not the usual word for “tree”, as this sense is translated with 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms).

Declension

No singular forms are attested, but they probably existed.

Neuter a-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 triu	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌰 triwa
Vocative	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 triu	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌰 triwa
Accusative	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 triu	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌰 triwa
Genitive	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃 triwis	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌴 triwē
Dative	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌰 triwa	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌼 triwam

Coordinate terms

• 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰 (gilþa, “sickle”)
• 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plow”)
• 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 (raus, “cane”)
• 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉 (winþiskaurō, “tool for winnowing”)

Derived terms

• 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (weinatriu, “vine”)

Related terms

• 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (triweins, “wooden”)

See also

• 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 (aqizi, “axe”)
• 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms, “tree”)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 142