𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽

Gothic

FWOTD – 24 April 2020

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *snewaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsniwan/

Verb

𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 • (sniwan)

1. to go, go away, leave
   • John 15:16:

     𐌽𐌹 𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌺 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸, 𐌰𐌺 𐌹𐌺 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 ⟨𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃⟩ 𐌴𐌹 𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂 𐌳𐌿 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹, 𐌴𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍈𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌴𐌹 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃.

     ni jus mik gawalidēduþ, ak ik gawalida izwis ⟨jah gasatida izwis⟩ ei jus sniwaiþ jah akran bairaiþ, jah akran izwar du aiwa sijai, ei þataƕah þei bidjaiþ attan in namin meinamma, gibiþ izwis.

     Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, and ordained you, that ye should go and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should remain: that whatsoever ye shall ask of the Father in my name, he may give it you. (KJV)

2. to strive for
   • 1 Corinithians 9:25a:

     𐌹𐌸 𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌿𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸, 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌹𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱⟨𐌰⟩𐌹𐌸

     iþ ƕazuh saei haifstjan sniwiþ, allis sik gaþarb⟨a⟩iþ

     And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things. (KJV)

3. to come upon
   • 1 Thessalonians 2:16:

     𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌼 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌰𐌺𐌴𐌹 𐌳𐌿 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉; 𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐌳 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹.

     warjandans uns du þiudōm rōdjan ei ganisaina, akei du usfulljan seinōs frawaurhtins sinteinō; aþþan snauh ana ins hatis gudis und andi.

     Forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they might be saved, to fill up their sins alway: for the wrath is come upon them to the uttermost. (KJV)

Conjugation

A form 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌷 (snauh) (with clitic -𐌿𐌷 (-uh)) is attested.

Class 5 strong
Infinitive	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 sniwan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰 sniwa	𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿 snau	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰 sniwada
2nd singular	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃 sniwis	𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍄 snaut	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌶𐌰 sniwaza
3rd singular	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸 sniwiþ	𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿 snau	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰 sniwada
1st dual	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐍉𐍃 sniwōs	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿 snewu	—
2nd dual	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃 sniwats	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃 snewuts	—
1st plural	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌼 sniwam	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿𐌼 snewum	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 sniwanda
2nd plural	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸 sniwiþ	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿𐌸 snewuþ	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 sniwanda
3rd plural	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 sniwand	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿𐌽 snewun	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 sniwanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿 sniwau	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌿 snewjau	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 sniwaidau
2nd singular	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍃 sniwais	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 sneweis	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 sniwaizau
3rd singular	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹 sniwai	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌹 snewi	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 sniwaidau
1st dual	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 sniwaiwa	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 sneweiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 sniwaits	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 sneweits	—
1st plural	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 sniwaima	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 sneweima	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 sniwaindau
2nd plural	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌸 sniwaiþ	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 sneweiþ	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 sniwaindau
3rd plural	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 sniwaina	𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 sneweina	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 sniwaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅 sniw
3rd singular	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 sniwadau
2nd dual	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃 sniwats
2nd plural	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸 sniwiþ
3rd plural	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 sniwandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 sniwands	𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 sniwans

Derived terms

• 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (bisniwan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (gasniwan)
• 𐌳𐌿𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (duatsniwan)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (faurbisniwan)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (faursniwan)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 126