𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +‎ 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (sniwan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈsniwan/

Verb

𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 • (bisniwan)

1. to precede (with 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 (faur))
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 1 Thessalonians 4:15:

     𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌿𐌸-𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌵𐌿𐌼𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌼 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃;

     þatuþ-þan izwis qiþam in waurda fraujins, þatei weis þai libandans, þai bilaibidans in quma fraujins ni bisniwam faur þans anaslēpandans;

     For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we that are alive, that are left unto the coming of the Lord, shall in no wise precede them that are fallen asleep. (ASV)

Conjugation

Class 5 strong
Infinitive	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 bisniwan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰 bisniwa	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿 bisnau	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰 bisniwada
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃 bisniwis	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍄 bisnaut	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌶𐌰 bisniwaza
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸 bisniwiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿 bisnau	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰 bisniwada
1st dual	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐍉𐍃 bisniwōs	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿 bisnewu	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃 bisniwats	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃 bisnewuts	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌼 bisniwam	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿𐌼 bisnewum	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 bisniwanda
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸 bisniwiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿𐌸 bisnewuþ	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 bisniwanda
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 bisniwand	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌿𐌽 bisnewun	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 bisniwanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿 bisniwau	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌿 bisnewjau	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 bisniwaidau
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍃 bisniwais	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 bisneweis	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 bisniwaizau
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹 bisniwai	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌹 bisnewi	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 bisniwaidau
1st dual	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 bisniwaiwa	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 bisneweiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 bisniwaits	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 bisneweits	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 bisniwaima	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 bisneweima	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 bisniwaindau
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌸 bisniwaiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 bisneweiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 bisniwaindau
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 bisniwaina	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 bisneweina	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 bisniwaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅 bisniw
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 bisniwadau
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃 bisniwats
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸 bisniwiþ
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 bisniwandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 bisniwands	𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 bisniwans

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 126