لا

See also: ـۙ

ﻻ	U+FEFB, ﻻ ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF ISOLATED FORM

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Arabic

Arabic Wikipedia has an article on:

لا النافية للجنس

Wikipedia ^ar

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *lā. Compare Hebrew לֹא (lo), which, in older texts, is used in the negative imperative and the negative existential indicative.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /laː/
Audio: (file)

Particle

لَا • (lā)

no
not; negates an indicative present-tense verb
do not; expresses prohibition with a jussive verb
لَا نَنْسَ… ― lā nansa… ― Let us not forget…

لَا يَفُتْكُمْ ― lā yafutkum ― You shall not miss it.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 49:11:
  يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَاءٌ مِنْ نِسَاءٍ عَسَى أَن يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِنْهُنَّ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا بِٱلْأَلْقَابِ
  yā ʔayyuhā llaḏīna ʔāmanū lā yasḵar qawmun min qawmin ʕasā ʔan yakūnū ḵayran minhum wa-lā nisāʔun min nisāʔin ʕasā ʔan yakunna ḵayran minhunna wa-lā talmizū ʔanfusakum wa-lā tanābazū bi-l-ʔalqābi
  O you who have believed, let not a people ridicule people; perhaps they may be better than them; nor let women ridicule women; perhaps they may be better than them. And do not insult one another and do not call each other by names.
- Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma
  يَا حَارِ لَا أُرْمَيَنْ مِنْكُمْ بِدَاهِيَةٍ / لَمْ يَلْقَهَا سُوقَةٌ قَبْلِي وَلَا مَلِكُ
  yā ḥāri lā ʔurmayan minkum bidāhiyatin / lam yalqahā sūqatun qablī walā maliku
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Al-Farazdaq
  إِذَا مَا خَرَجْنَا مِنْ دِمَشْقَ فَلَا نَعُدْ / لَهَا أَبَدًا مَا دَامَ فِيهَا الْجُرَاضِمُ
  ʔiḏā mā ḵarajnā min dimašqa falā naʕud / lahā ʔabadan mā dāma fīhā l-jurāḍimu
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
there is not, there is no, there is nothing, nothing is
لَا طَالِبَ حَاضِرٌ. ― lā ṭāliba ḥāḍirun. ― No student is present.
not; negates any non-verbal sentence element
neither, nor
A negation particle used to convey a prayer or wish.
لَا عَدِمْنَاك. ― lā ʕadimnāk. ― May we not lose you.

Usage notes

As shown in the example, sense 4 generally governs a noun in the determinate state (but without the definite article) and the accusative case — that is, a noun without nunation. However, subsequent adjectives are in the indeterminate state, meaning they are nunated:

لَا طَالِبَ مُجْتَهِدًا حَاضِرٌ ― lā ṭāliba mujtahidan ḥāḍirun ― No hard-working student is present.

If, instead of an adjective, there is an attributive prepositional phrase, the initial noun can be in either state:

لَا طَالِبَ لَدَيْنَا مُجْتَهِدًا حَاضِرٌ ― lā ṭāliba ladaynā mujtahidan ḥāḍirun ― No hard-working student of ours is present.
لَا طَالِبًا لِلْعِلْمِ مُقَصِّرٌ ― lā ṭāliban lilʕilmi muqaṣṣirun ― No seeker of knowledge is delinquent.

Additionally, sense 4 can govern a preposition alone, with an implicit third-person singular masculine subject and no visible case or state. This is the origin of لَا عَلَيْكَ (lā ʕalayka, “no worries”, literally “there is not [anything] on you”) and similar collocations.

Isolated form	Final form
لا	ـلا

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “no”): نَعَم (naʕam)
(antonym(s) of “expresses prohibition with a jussive verb”): لِـ (li-)

Descendants

Gulf Arabic: لَأْ (laʔ, “no”), لا (la, “don't (used before imperatives)”)
South Levantine Arabic: لأ (laʔ), لا (la, “don't (with imperative or subjunctive)”)
Maltese: la, le
→ Swahili: la

Conjunction

لَا • (lā)

not, and not
أَحْضِرْ وَثَائِقَكَ لَا كُتُبَكَ
ʔaḥḍir waṯāʔiqaka lā kutubaka
Bring your documents, not your books.

Antonyms

بَلْ (bal)

Derived terms

مُكْرَهٌ أَخَاكَ لَا بَطَلٌ (mukrahun ʔaḵāka lā baṭalun, proverb)^[sic]

Prefix

لَا • (lā)

non-, un-, in-
لَاسُلْطَوِيّ (lāsulṭawiyy)

لَاسِلْكِيّ (lāsilkiyy)

لَامُبَالَاة (lāmubālāh)

لَافَقَارِيَّات (lāfaqāriyyāt)

لَامَرْكَزِيَّة (lāmarkaziyya)

Derived terms

وَلَا سِيَّمَا (walā siyyamā)
لَا جَرَمَ (lā jarama)
لَا بَأْسَ (lā baʔsa)
لَا بُدَّ (lā budda)
لَا مَحَالَةَ (lā maḥālata)

Etymology 2

Particle

لَا • (la)

(Classical Arabic, before a hamza) Alternative spelling of لَ (la, “truly, indeed”)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 27:21:

References

Fischer, Wolfdietrich (2006) Grammatik des Klassischen Arabisch (in German), 4^th edition, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, § 318

Persian

Etymology 1

From French la.

Noun

لا • (lâ)

(music) A, La (the sixth note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)
(music) La (the sixth note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the submediant)

Etymology 2

From Arabic لَا (lā).

Particle


Iranian Persian	لا
Dari	لا
Tajik	ло

لا • (lâ)

(rare) un-

Synonyms

(no, not): نه (na), نیست (nist)
(-un): نا (nâ)

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

لای (lây)

Noun


Iranian Persian	لا
Dari	لا
Tajik	ло

لا • (lâ)

Shina

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /laː/

Noun

لا (lā)

cucumber

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic لَا (lā).

Particle

لا • (la)

don't (negative imperative)
Synonyms: ما (mā), ـش (-š)

لا تنسى تعمل واجباتك!
la tinsa tiʕmil wājbātak
Don't forget to do your homework!
may it not (with subjunctive verb)
لا يكون صاب ه إشي.
la ykūn ṣābo ʔiši
May it not be that something hurt him.

Usage notes

The negative imperative with لا (la) is more formal, while ما (mā) and the suffix ـش (-š) are more common in informal speech.
لا يكون (la ykūn) is often used a fixed expression not conjugated by person and number and might be written as one word ليكون (laykūn).

Urdu

Etymology

From Arabic لَا (lā).

Particle

لا • (lā)

not