造次

Chinese

		to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture	number of times; order; sequence number of times; order; sequence; next; second(ary); (measure word)
trad. (造次)		造	次
simp. #(造次)		造	次

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zàocì

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ ㄘˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zou⁶ ci³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zàocì
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ ㄘˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zàocìh
    • Wade–Giles: tsao⁴-tzʻŭ⁴
    • Yale: dzàu-tsz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzawtsyh
    • Palladius: цзаоцы (czaocy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zou⁶ ci³
    • Yale: jouh chi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzou⁶ tsi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zou⁶ qi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sou̯²² t͡sʰiː³³/

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• Middle Chinese: dzawX tshijH

Rime
Character	造	次
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	昨早切	七四切
Baxter	dzawX	tshijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɑuX/	/t͡sʰiɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɑuX/	/t͡sʰiH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɑuX/	/t͡sʰjɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zawX/	/t͡sʰiH/
Li Rong	/d͡zɑuX/	/t͡sʰiH/
Wang Li	/d͡zɑuX/	/t͡sʰiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑuX/	/t͡sʰiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zào	cì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zou6	ci3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dzˤ]uʔ  [s-n̥]i[j]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɡuːʔ  sn̥ʰis/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	造	次
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zào	cì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzawX ›	‹ tshijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[dzˁ]uʔ/	/*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/
English	make	lodge (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	造	次
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	3803	1794
Phonetic component	告	次
Rime group	幽	脂
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	皁	次
Old Chinese	/*sɡuːʔ/	/*sn̥ʰis/
Notes		說文二聲，甲金文二或三劃， 似人嘆氣諮嗟

Adjective

造次

1. (literary) hasty
2. (literary) crass