複

See also: 复 and 復

複	U+8907, 複 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8907

← 褆
[U+8906]

CJK Unified Ideographs

褈 →
[U+8908]

Translingual

Han character

複 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 中人日水 (LOAE), four-corner 3824₇, composition ⿰衤复)

Derived characters

𥵩

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1120, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34417
Dae Jaweon: page 1587, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3103, character 8
Unihan data for U+8907

Chinese

trad.		複
simp.		复^*
alternative forms		𧜰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 複
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	puɡs, puɡ
覆	pʰuɡs, buɡs, pʰɯːɡ, pʰuɡ
復	buɡs, buɡ
椱	buɡs, buɡ
複	buɡs, puɡ
馥	brɯɡ, buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	puɡ, buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	pʰuɡ, buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *buɡs, *puɡ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “to return”) – lined garment.

Etymology

Cognate with 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ, “to return; again”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

覆 (OC *pʰuɡ, “to turn over; to overturn”) is an aspiration causative/iterative form of 複 (OC *puɡ), hence literally "to make something double over".

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k
Northern Min (KCR): hŭ
Eastern Min (BUC): hók / bô
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hok / ho̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fuk¹
  - Yale: fūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: fug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hók / bô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houʔ²⁴/, /pou²⁴²/

Note:

hók - literary;
bô - vernacular "again".

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
  - Tâi-lô: hok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hok
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚²/

Middle Chinese: bjuwH, pjuwk

Rime
Character	複	複
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	扶富切	方六切
Baxter	bjuwH	pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu^H/	/pɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biu^H/	/piuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu^H/	/piuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw^H/	/puwk̚/
Li Rong	/biu^H/	/piuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭəu^H/	/pĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u^H/	/pi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu	fu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau⁶	fuk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)uk/

(Zhengzhang): /*buɡs/, /*puɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	複
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*p(r)uk/
English	double, lined (garment)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	複	複
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3539	3544
Phonetic component	复	复
Rime group	奧	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	復	福
Old Chinese	/*buɡs/	/*puɡ/

Definitions

複

(literary) lined garment
to repeat; to double; to overlap
duplicate; double; overlapping
complex
again
複檢／复检 ― fùjiǎn ― to double-check

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

複

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
Kun: かさねる (kasaneru, 複ねる)、ふたたび (futatabi, 複)

Compounds

Kanji in this term
複
ふく Grade: 5
on'yomi

複(ふく)占(せん) (fukusen, “duopoly”)
複雑(ふくざつ) (fukuzatsu, “complicated”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふく [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟]

Noun

複(ふく) • (fuku)

Short for 複試合.
Short for 複勝式.

Prefix

複(ふく) • (fuku-)

diplo-, double

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC pjuwk).

Hanja

複 (eumhun 겹칠 복 (gyeopchil bok))

hanja form^? of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC bjuwH).

Hanja

複 (eumhun 겹칠 부 (gyeopchil bu))

hanja form^? of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”)

Vietnamese

Han character

複: Hán Nôm readings: phức

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]