草芥

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	Brassica juncea
trad. (草芥)		草	芥
simp. #(草芥)		草	芥

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎojiè

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² gaai³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhó-kài / chhó͘-kài

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎojiè
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎojiè
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-chieh⁴
    • Yale: tsǎu-jyè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaojieh
    • Palladius: цаоцзе (caocze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cou² gaai³
    • Yale: chóu gaai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² gaai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cou² gai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kaːi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-kài
    • Tâi-lô: tshó-kài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy'kaix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘-kài
    • Tâi-lô: tshóo-kài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhofkaix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tshawX keajH

Rime
Character	草	芥
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	采老切	古拜切
Baxter	tshawX	keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kˠɛiH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kᵚæiH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kɐiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰawX/	/kəɨjH/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kɛiH/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kɐiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kăiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	jiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou2	gaai3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤuʔ  kˤr[e][t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ  kreːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	草	芥
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǎo	jiè
Middle Chinese	‹ tshawX ›	‹ kɛjH ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/	/*kˁr[e][t]-s/
English	grass, plants	mustard plant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	草	芥
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16547	6522
Phonetic component	早	介
Rime group	幽	祭
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	草	誡
Old Chinese	/*sʰuːʔ/	/*kreːds/
Notes	說文作艸

Noun

草芥

1. (literary, figurative) something small and insignificant; trifle

Synonyms

• 草菅 (cǎojiān)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (草芥):

• → Japanese: 草芥(そうかい) (sōkai)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
草	芥
そう Grade: 1	かい Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そーかい [sòókáí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [so̞ːka̠i]

Noun

草(そう)芥(かい) • (sōkai) ^{←さうかい (saukai)?}

1. weed and trash; trash

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
草	芥
そう Grade: 1	がい Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [so̞ːɡa̠i]

Noun

草(そう)芥(がい) • (sōgai) ^{←さうがい (saugai)?}

1. Alternative form of 草芥 (sōkai): weed and trash; trash