舊惡

Chinese

		old (opposite of new); former	evil; to hate; to loathe evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated
trad. (舊惡)		舊	惡
simp. (旧恶)		旧	恶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiù'è

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau⁶ ok³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiù'è
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu-è
    • Wade–Giles: chiu⁴-o⁴
    • Yale: jyòu-è
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jioweh
    • Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gau⁶ ok³
    • Yale: gauh ok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau⁶ ok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo⁶ og³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯²² ɔːk̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: gjuwH 'ak

Rime
Character	舊	惡
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	巨救切	烏各切
Baxter	gjuwH	'ak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨuH/	/ʔɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiuH/	/ʔɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiəuH/	/ʔɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guwH/	/ʔak̚/
Li Rong	/ɡiuH/	/ʔɑk̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭəuH/	/ɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ə̯uH/	/ʔɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiù	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau6	ok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kʷəʔ-s  ʔˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯs  qaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	舊	惡
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiù	è
Middle Chinese	‹ gjuwH ›	‹ ʔak ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kʷəʔ-s/	/*ʔˁak/
English	old	bad, ugly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	舊	惡
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	6981	14220
Phonetic component	臼	亞
Rime group	之	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	舊	惡
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷɯs/	/*qaːɡ/

Noun

舊惡

1. (literary) old grievance or wrong

   • 子曰：「伯夷、叔齊不念舊惡，怨是用希。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「伯夷、叔齐不念旧恶，怨是用希。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Bóyí, Shūqí bù niàn jiù'è, yuàn shì yòng xī.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "Bo Yi and Shu Qi did not keep the former wickednesses [of men] in mind, and hence the resentments directed towards them were few."

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (舊惡):

• → Japanese: 旧悪(きゅうあく) (kyūaku)
• → Korean: 구악(舊惡) (guak)