狀元

See also: 状元

Chinese

		accusation; suit; state accusation; suit; state; condition; strong; great	primary; first; fundamental primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
trad. (狀元)		狀	元
simp. (状元)		状	元

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhuàngyuan, zhuàngyuán

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ ˙ㄩㄢ, ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄩㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zuang⁴ yuan²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zong⁶ jyun⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhong-ngièn / chhong-ngiàn

  (Hailu, HRS): cong^˖ ngien

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing⁵ ngue² / zing⁵ ngui²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiōng-goân / chiōng-oân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zo⁶ nguang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàngyuan
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ ˙ㄩㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàngyuån
    • Wade–Giles: chuang⁴-yüan⁵
    • Yale: jwàng-ywan
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq.iuan
    • Palladius: чжуанъюань (čžuanʺjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàngyuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàngyuán
    • Wade–Giles: chuang⁴-yüan²
    • Yale: jwàng-ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanqyuan
    • Palladius: чжуанъюань (čžuanʺjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zuang⁴ yuan²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuongwan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suaŋ²¹³ yan²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zong⁶ jyun⁴
    • Yale: johng yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzong⁶ jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: zong⁶ yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ²² jyːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong-ngièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong ngien^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong-ngiàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong ngian^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: cong^˖ ngien
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³³ ŋien⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zing⁵ ngue²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ²¹ ŋuei¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zing⁵ ngui²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ²¹ ŋui¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng-goân
    • Tâi-lô: tsiōng-guân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cioxnggoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /t͡siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Philippines): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ɡuan²³/
  • (Hokkien: Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng-oân
    • Tâi-lô: tsiōng-uân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cioxng'oaan
    • IPA (Philippines): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² uan²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zo⁶ nguang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsŏ nguâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dzrjangH ngjwon

Rime
Character	狀	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	鋤亮切	愚袁切
Baxter	dzrjangH	ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨɐŋH/	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐiɐŋH/	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒiɑŋH/	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐɨaŋH/	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiaŋH/	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭaŋH/	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋH/	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuàng	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zong6	jyun4

Noun

狀元

1. (historical) zhuangyuan, someone who was ranked first class in the palace examination, the highest level of the Chinese imperial examination; champion
2. (in modern uses) one who achieves the highest score in an examination; top scorer; valedictorian
3. (by extension) the very best in a field; top performer

   • 册数从来没有统计过，总有几万册吧。在北大教授中，“藏书状元”我恐怕是当之无愧的。 [MSC, simp.]
     冊數從來沒有統計過，總有幾萬冊吧。在北大教授中，“藏書狀元”我恐怕是當之無愧的。 [MSC, trad.]

     From: 1993, June 22, Ji Xianlin (季羡林), My Study（《我的书斋》）

     Cèshù cónglái méiyǒu tǒngjì guò, zǒng yǒu jīwàn cè ba. Zài Běidà jiàoshòu zhōng, “cángshū zhuàngyuán” wǒ kǒngpà shì dāngzhīwúkuì de. [Pinyin]

     I have never counted the number of my books; probably it exceeds tens of thousands. Of all the professors at Peking University, I'm deservedly “No.1” in terms of stored books.

4. (Hokkien, dice games) the winning dice roll in a Mooncake Festival Dice Game

Synonyms

• 龍頭／龙头 (lóngtóu)

Coordinate terms

• 榜眼 (bǎngyǎn)
• 探花 (tànhuā)

Derived terms

• 三百六十行，行行出狀元 / 三百六十行，行行出状元 (sānbǎi liùshí háng, hángháng chū zhuàngyuán)
• 中狀元 / 中状元
• 有狀元學生，無狀元先生 / 有状元学生，无状元先生
• 狀元及第 / 状元及第
• 狀元及第粥 / 状元及第粥
• 狀元圓 / 状元圆
• 狀元籌 / 状元筹
• 狀元籤 / 状元签
• 狀元紅 / 状元红
• 狀元餅 / 状元饼
• 狀元香 / 状元香
• 行行出狀元 / 行行出状元
• 跋狀元籌 / 跋状元筹

 

Descendants

• → Thai: จอหงวน
• → Vietnamese: trạng nguyên

References

• “Entry #4347”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.