燮

燮	U+71EE, 燮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71EE

Translingual

Han character

燮 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火火水 (FFE), four-corner 9940₇, composition ⿱⿲火言火又)

Derived characters

㦪㰔𤫉躞㽊𠑄𡄕𢹒𪱓𪸂𥍆𧕊𩎃𩙜

Chinese

trad.		燮
simp. ^#		燮
alternative forms		爕夑㸉𤏻𤎬爕夑㸉𤏻𤎬𤍛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (燮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
燮	*seːb
躞	*seːb

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : a hand (又) holding an object (?) among three or more fires (火). Meaning and significance uncertain.

Various hypotheses exist: possibly poking at firewood, holding a tool inside flames, lighting fires with a torch, etc.

Later, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 辛 (“tool”) + 炏 (“fire”). In the small seal script, the 辛 component came to be written 言, giving rise to the modern form.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiè (xie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sit³ / sip³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siè
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴
  - Yale: syè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
  - Palladius: се (se)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sit³ / sip³
  - Yale: sit / sip
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sit⁸ / sip⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: xid³ / xib³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːt̚³/, /siːp̚³/

Middle Chinese: sep

Rime
Character	燮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	怗 (158)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	蘇協切
Baxter	sep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛp̚/
Li Rong	/sep̚/
Wang Li	/siep̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/siep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sip³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.qʰˤ(r)ip/

(Zhengzhang): /*seːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiè
Middle Chinese	‹ sep ›
Old Chinese	/*s.qʰˁ(r)ip/
English	harmonious
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燮
Reading #	1/1
No.	13797
Phonetic component	燮
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	燮
Old Chinese	/*seːb/

Definitions

燮

(literary) to harmonize; to mediate; to bring together
(literary) harmonious; amiable
a surname

Compounds

References

“燮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

燮

(Hyōgai kanji)

moderate
alleviate
boil over low heat

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←せふ (sefu, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←せふ (sefu, historical)}
Kun: やわらげる (yawarageru, 燮らげる)

Korean

Hanja

燮 (eumhun 불꽃 섭 (bulkkot seop))

harmonize, blend
adjust