渾淪

See also: 浑沦

Chinese

Pronunciation 1

		muddy	perish
trad. (渾淪)		渾	淪
simp. (浑沦)		浑	沦
alternative forms		渾侖／浑仑

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): húnlún

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁴ leon⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: húnlún
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: húnlún
    • Wade–Giles: hun²-lun²
    • Yale: hwún-lwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenluen
    • Palladius: хуньлунь (xunʹlunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wan⁴ leon⁴
    • Yale: wàhn lèuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁴ loen⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wen⁴ lên⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²¹ lɵn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: hwon lwin

Rime
Character	渾	淪
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	戸昆切	力迍切
Baxter	hwon	lwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən/	/liuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon/	/lʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən/	/ljuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən/	/lwin/
Li Rong	/ɣuən/	/liuĕn/
Wang Li	/ɣuən/	/lĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuən/	/li̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hún	lún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan4	leon4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːn  run/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾	淪
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	7321	8662
Phonetic component	軍	侖
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	䰟	淪
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːn/	/*run/

Adjective

渾淪

1. (archaic) complete; whole

Pronunciation 2

		muddy	perish
trad. (渾淪)		渾	淪
simp. (浑沦)		浑	沦
alternative forms		渾侖／浑仑 昆侖／昆仑 混淪／混沦

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): húnlún, hùnlún

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ leon⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: húnlún
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: húnlún
    • Wade–Giles: hun²-lun²
    • Yale: hwún-lwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenluen
    • Palladius: хуньлунь (xunʹlunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hùnlún
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hùnlún
    • Wade–Giles: hun⁴-lun²
    • Yale: hwùn-lwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennluen
    • Palladius: хуньлунь (xunʹlunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wan⁶ leon⁴
    • Yale: wahn lèuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ loen⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ lên⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² lɵn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 混淪 / 混沦 渾淪 / 浑沦

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• Middle Chinese: hwonX lwin

Rime
Character	渾	淪
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	胡本切	力迍切
Baxter	hwonX	lwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuənX/	/liuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuonX/	/lʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuənX/	/ljuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwənX/	/lwin/
Li Rong	/ɣuənX/	/liuĕn/
Wang Li	/ɣuənX/	/lĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuənX/	/li̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn	lún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan6	leon4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ  run/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwonX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾	淪
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	7328	8662
Phonetic component	軍	侖
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	混	淪
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/	/*run/

Noun

渾淪

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 混沌 (hùndùn)

Adjective

渾淪

1. (archaic) unclear; vague
2. (archaic) simple; plain