混濁

See also: 混浊

Chinese

		to mix; to get along; thoughtless to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix	impure; muddy
trad. (混濁)		混	濁
simp. (混浊)		混	浊
alternative forms		溷濁／溷浊

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hùnzhuó

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ zuk⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hūn-cho̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hùnzhuó
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hùnjhuó
    • Wade–Giles: hun⁴-cho²
    • Yale: hwùn-jwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennjwo
    • Palladius: хуньчжо (xunʹčžo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wan⁶ zuk⁶
    • Yale: wahn juhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ dzuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ zug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² t͡sʊk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-cho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hūn-tso̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huxnzok
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: hwonX draewk

Rime
Character	混	濁
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	胡本切	直角切
Baxter	hwonX	draewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuənX/	/ɖˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuonX/	/ɖᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuənX/	/ȡɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwənX/	/ɖaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuənX/	/ȡɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ɣuənX/	/ȡɔk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuənX/	/ȡʱɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn	zhuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan6	zok6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ  rdoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuó
Middle Chinese	‹ dræwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-tˁ]rok/
English	muddy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	混	濁
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7536	11813
Phonetic component	昆	蜀
Rime group	文	屋
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	混	濁
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/	/*rdoːɡ/

Adjective

混濁

1. muddy; turbid

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		渾濁, 混濁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	渾
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	渾
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	溷
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	渾
	Wuhan	渾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	渾
	Hefei	渾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	濁
	Hong Kong	濁
	Yangjiang	濁
Gan	Nanchang	渾
Hakka	Meixian	渾
Jin	Taiyuan	溷
Northern Min	Jian'ou	渾, 濁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	渾
Southern Min	Xiamen	醪, 醪濁
	Zhangzhou	醪
	Chaozhou	醪
	Haikou	醪
Wu	Suzhou	渾
	Wenzhou	渾
Xiang	Changsha	渾
	Shuangfeng	渾

Antonyms

• 明澈 (míngchè)

Derived terms

• 舉世混濁 / 举世混浊 (jǔshìhǔnzhuó)