淪落

See also: 沦落

Chinese

		perish	to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind
trad. (淪落)		淪	落
simp. (沦落)		沦	落

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lúnluò

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leon⁴ lok⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lùn-lo̍k
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lûn-lo̍k / lûn-lo̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lung⁵ loh⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lúnluò
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lúnluò
    • Wade–Giles: lun²-lo⁴
    • Yale: lwún-lwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luenluoh
    • Palladius: луньло (lunʹlo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ən³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: leon⁴ lok⁶
    • Yale: lèuhn lohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loen⁴ lok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lên⁴ log⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹ lɔːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lùn-lo̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: lun^ˇ log
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lun² log⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lun¹¹ lok̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûn-lo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lûn-lo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lunlok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lun²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lun²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lun²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûn-lo̍h
    • Tâi-lô: lûn-lo̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lunloih
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lun²⁴⁻²² loʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun²⁴⁻²² loʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun¹³⁻²² loʔ¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lung⁵ loh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lûng lo̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /luŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loʔ⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: lwin lak

Rime
Character	淪	落
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	力迍切	盧各切
Baxter	lwin	lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪn/	/lɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷin/	/lɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuen/	/lɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwin/	/lak̚/
Li Rong	/liuĕn/	/lɑk̚/
Wang Li	/lĭuĕn/	/lɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯uĕn/	/lɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lún	luò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leon4	lok6

Verb

淪落

1. to wander about destitute; to be stranded
2. to languish; to decay; to decline; to wane; to be at a low ebb
3. to sink into; to fall into; to land oneself in; to get bogged down in

Synonyms

• (to wander about destitute):

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• 沒落 / 没落 (mòluò) (literary)
• 流浪 (liúlàng)
• 流落 (liúluò)
• 流蕩 / 流荡 (liúdàng)
• 流離 / 流离 (liúlí)
• 漂泊 (piāobó)
• 飄蕩 / 飘荡 (piāodàng)

• (to languish):

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• 式微 (shìwēi) (literary)
• 敗落 / 败落 (bàiluò)
• 替 (tì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 沒落 / 没落 (mòluò)
• 漉柵 / 漉栅 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 破落 (pòluò) (in wealth and position)
• 衰微 (shuāiwēi) (literary)
• 衰敗 / 衰败 (shuāibài)
• 衰落 (shuāiluò)
• 陵替 (língtì) (literary)
• 零落 (língluò)

• (to sink into):

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• 落入 (luòrù)
• 陷入 (xiànrù)
• 陷落 (xiànluò)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
淪	落
りん Hyōgai	らく Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) りんらく [rìńrákú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲĩn̺ɾa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

淪(りん)落(らく) • (rinraku) 

1. (rare, literary) ruin, depravity, corruption
   • 1993, Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys, Hudson Soft (licensed by Nihon Falcom), PC Engine:

     淪落の地

     Land of Dissolution