液

液	U+6DB2, 液 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DB2

Translingual

Han character

液 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水卜人大 (EYOK), four-corner 3014₇, composition ⿰氵夜)

Derived characters

𦟸

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 628, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17586
Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1658, character 2
Unihan data for U+6DB2

Chinese

trad.		液
simp. ^#		液
alternative forms		洂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 液
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
夜	*laːɡs
鵺	*laːɡs
迹	*ʔsleːɡ
跡	*ʔsleːɡ
亦	*laːɡ
弈	*laːɡ
奕	*laːɡ
帟	*laːɡ
腋	*laːɡ
掖	*laːɡ
焲	*laːɡ
液	*laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs) – a liquid, like water.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjak (“oil; fat; grease”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yè, yì

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ, ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶ / jat⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo² / ih⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sio̍h / e̍k / ia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): siêh⁸ / sioh⁸ / êg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yè
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yè
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
  - Yale: yè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
  - Palladius: е (je)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jik⁶ / jat⁶
  - Yale: yihk / yaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹ / jat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶ / yed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/, /jɐt̚²/

Note: jat6 - rare.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬieu¹³/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ih⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ih⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ²⁴/

Note:

sieo2 - vernacular;
ih7 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍h
  - Tâi-lô: sio̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioih
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sioʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /sioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sioʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/

Note:

sio̍h - vernacular (“sweat-like secretions”);
e̍k/ia̍k - literary (“liquid; sap; thick broth; to cook something on slow fire”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: siêh⁸ / sioh⁸ / êg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sie̍h / sio̍h / e̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/, /ek̚⁴/

Note:

siêh8/sioh8 - vernacular;
êg8 - literary.

Middle Chinese: yek

Rime
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Baxter	yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢrAk/

(Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ yek ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢrAk/
English	fluid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
No.	15003
Phonetic component	亦
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions

液

liquid; fluid
體液／体液 ― tǐyè ― bodily fluid
sap; juice
a surname: Ye; Yi
(Hokkien) sweat-like secretions (from one's hand, foot, etc.)
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) thick broth extracted from food in slow fire
(Quanzhou Hokkien) to cook something on slow fire; to extract something using heat

Synonyms

(liquid):

edit

流質 / 流质 (liúzhì)
液體 / 液体 (yètǐ)

(to cook something on slow fire): 熬 (áo)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

液

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

liquid

Readings

Go-on: やく (yaku)
Kan-on: えき (eki, Jōyō)
Kun: しる (shiru, 液)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
液
えき Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 液 (yek, “liquid”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えき [éꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [e̞kʲi]

Noun

液(えき) • (eki)

liquid

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

液 (eumhun 진 액 (jin aek))

hanja form^? of 액 (“liquid”)

Vietnamese

Han character

液: Hán Nôm readings: giá, dịch, nhịch

sap, juice, liquid, fluid

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]