欲惡

Chinese

		desire; longing; appetite desire; longing; appetite; wish	evil; to hate; to loathe evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated
trad. (欲惡)		欲	惡
simp. (欲恶)		欲	恶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yùwù

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ ㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yùwù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ ㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yùwù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴-wu⁴
    • Yale: yù-wù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhwuh
    • Palladius: юйу (juju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: yowk 'uH

Rime
Character	欲	惡
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	余蜀切	烏路切
Baxter	yowk	'uH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨok̚/	/ʔuoH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiok̚/	/ʔuoH/
Shao Rongfen	/iok̚/	/ʔoH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawk̚/	/ʔɔH/
Li Rong	/iok̚/	/ʔoH/
Wang Li	/jĭwok̚/	/uH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wok̚/	/ʔuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	juk6	wu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢ(r)ok  ʔˤak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*loɡ  qaːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	欲	惡
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ yowk ›	‹ ʔuH ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢ(r)ok/	/*ʔˁak-s/
English	desire (v.)	hate (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	欲	惡
Reading #	1/1	2/3
No.	4303	14219
Phonetic component	谷	亞
Rime group	屋	暮
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	欲	汙
Old Chinese	/*loɡ/	/*qaːɡs/

Noun

欲惡

1. (literary) liking and disliking; desire and dislike

   • 故欲惡者，心之大端也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     故欲恶者，心之大端也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Gù yùwù zhě, xīn zhī dàduān yě. [Pinyin]

     Thus liking and disliking are the great elements in men's minds.

   • 夫欲惡避就，固不待師，此人之性也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫欲恶避就，固不待师，此人之性也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Fú yù'è bìjiù, gù bù dài shī, cǐ rén zhī xìng yě. [Pinyin]

     Desire and dislike, avoidance and pursuit, do not require any master – this is the nature of man.